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Atoms and Nuclei question

2020 · Shift 1 · Q47
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Atoms and Nuclei question

2020 · Shift 1 · Q47

JEE AdvancedPhysicsAtoms and NucleiMultiple correct+4 / −2
A particle of mass m moves in circular orbits with potential energy V(r) = Fr, where F is a positive constant and r is its distance from the origin. Its energies are calculated using the Bohr model. If the radius of the particle’s orbit is denoted by R and its speed and energy are denoted by v and E, respectively, then for the nth orbit (here h is the Planck’s constant)
  1. A
    R∝n13R \propto {n^{{1 \over 3}}}R∝n31​ and v∝n23v \propto {n^{{2 \over 3}}}v∝n32​
  2. B
    R∝n23R \propto {n^{{2 \over 3}}}R∝n32​ and v∝n13v \propto {n^{{1 \over 3}}}v∝n31​
  3. C
    E=32(n2h2F24π2m)13E = {3 \over 2}{\left( {{{{n^2}{h^2}{F^2}} \over {4{\pi ^2}m}}} \right)^{{1 \over 3}}}E=23​(4π2mn2h2F2​)31​
  4. D
    E=2(n2h2F24π2m)13E = 2{\left( {{{{n^2}{h^2}{F^2}} \over {4{\pi ^2}m}}} \right)^{{1 \over 3}}}E=2(4π2mn2h2F2​)31​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B, C

  1. Given potential

    V(r)=FrV(r)=FrV(r)=Fr where F>0F>0F>0 is a constant.

    The force is F⃗r=−dVdrr^=−Fr^\vec F_r=-\frac{dV}{dr}\hat r=-F\hat rFr​=−drdV​r^=−Fr^ so its magnitude is constant and directed towards the origin.

  2. Condition for circular motion

    For a circular orbit of radius RRR, centripetal force is provided by this force: mv2R=F\frac{mv^2}{R}=FRmv2​=F Hence, mv2=FR⇒v2=FRmmv^2=FR \quad \Rightarrow \quad v^2=\frac{FR}{m}mv2=FR⇒v2=mFR​

  3. Bohr quantization condition

    According to Bohr model, mvr=nh2πmvr=\frac{nh}{2\pi}mvr=2πnh​ For radius RRR, mvR=nh2πmvR=\frac{nh}{2\pi}mvR=2πnh​

  4. Find dependence of RRR on nnn

    From step 2, v=FRmv=\sqrt{\frac{FR}{m}}v=mFR​​ Substitute into Bohr condition: mRFRm=nh2πmR\sqrt{\frac{FR}{m}}=\frac{nh}{2\pi}mRmFR​​=2πnh​

    Simplify: mF R3/2=nh2π\sqrt{mF}\,R^{3/2}=\frac{nh}{2\pi}mF​R3/2=2πnh​

    Therefore, R3/2∝nR^{3/2}\propto nR3/2∝n so R∝n2/3R\propto n^{2/3}R∝n2/3

    Thus the first part matches option B.

  5. Find dependence of vvv on nnn

    Since v2=FRmv^2=\frac{FR}{m}v2=mFR​ we have v∝R1/2v\propto R^{1/2}v∝R1/2

    Using R∝n2/3R\propto n^{2/3}R∝n2/3, v∝n1/3v\propto n^{1/3}v∝n1/3

    Hence option B is correct, and option A is incorrect.

  6. Find exact expression for radius

    From mF R3/2=nh2π\sqrt{mF}\,R^{3/2}=\frac{nh}{2\pi}mF​R3/2=2πnh​ we get R3=n2h24π2mFR^3=\frac{n^2h^2}{4\pi^2 mF}R3=4π2mFn2h2​

    Thus, R=(n2h24π2mF)1/3R=\left(\frac{n^2h^2}{4\pi^2 mF}\right)^{1/3}R=(4π2mFn2h2​)1/3

  7. Total energy of the orbit

    Total energy is E=T+VE=T+VE=T+V

    Kinetic energy: T=12mv2T=\frac12 mv^2T=21​mv2 Using mv2=FRmv^2=FRmv2=FR, T=12FRT=\frac12 FRT=21​FR

    Potential energy: V=FRV=FRV=FR

    Therefore, E=12FR+FR=32FRE=\frac12 FR+FR=\frac32 FRE=21​FR+FR=23​FR

    Substitute RRR: E=32F(n2h24π2mF)1/3E=\frac32 F\left(\frac{n^2h^2}{4\pi^2 mF}\right)^{1/3}E=23​F(4π2mFn2h2​)1/3

    Rearranging, E=32(n2h2F24π2m)1/3E=\frac32 \left(\frac{n^2h^2F^2}{4\pi^2 m}\right)^{1/3}E=23​(4π2mn2h2F2​)1/3

    This matches option C.

  8. Check option D

    Option D has coefficient 222 instead of 32\frac3223​, so it is incorrect.

  9. Final selection

    Correct options are:

    • B
    • C
  10. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: B, C

This matches exactly.

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