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Atoms and Nuclei question

2017 · Shift 1 · Q44
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Atoms and Nuclei question

2017 · Shift 1 · Q44

JEE AdvancedPhysicsAtoms and NucleiNumerical+3 / −1
An electron in a hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from an orbit with quantum number ni{n_i}ni​ to another with quantum number nf{n_f}nf​. Vi{V_i}Vi​ and Vf{V_f}Vf​ are respectively the initial and final potential energies of the electron. If ViVf=6.25{{{V_i}} \over {{V_f}}} = 6.25Vf​Vi​​=6.25, then the smallest possible nf{n_f}nf​ is
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 5

  1. Potential energy in hydrogen atom

For an electron in the nthn^{\text{th}}nth Bohr orbit of hydrogen,

En=−13.6n2 eVE_n = -\frac{13.6}{n^2}\,\text{eV}En​=−n213.6​eV

Also, for a Coulomb-bound system,

Un=Vn=2En=−27.2n2 eVU_n = V_n = 2E_n = -\frac{27.2}{n^2}\,\text{eV}Un​=Vn​=2En​=−n227.2​eV

So the potential energy varies as

Vn∝−1n2V_n \propto -\frac{1}{n^2}Vn​∝−n21​

  1. Use the given ratio

Given,

ViVf=6.25=254\frac{V_i}{V_f} = 6.25 = \frac{25}{4}Vf​Vi​​=6.25=425​

Now,

Vi=−27.2ni2,Vf=−27.2nf2V_i = -\frac{27.2}{n_i^2}, \qquad V_f = -\frac{27.2}{n_f^2}Vi​=−ni2​27.2​,Vf​=−nf2​27.2​

Therefore,

ViVf=−27.2/ni2−27.2/nf2=nf2ni2\frac{V_i}{V_f} = \frac{-27.2/n_i^2}{-27.2/n_f^2} = \frac{n_f^2}{n_i^2}Vf​Vi​​=−27.2/nf2​−27.2/ni2​​=ni2​nf2​​

Hence,

nf2ni2=254\frac{n_f^2}{n_i^2} = \frac{25}{4}ni2​nf2​​=425​

Taking square root,

nfni=52\frac{n_f}{n_i} = \frac{5}{2}ni​nf​​=25​

So,

nf=52nin_f = \frac{5}{2} n_inf​=25​ni​

  1. Find the smallest possible integer value of nfn_fnf​

Since nin_ini​ and nfn_fnf​ must both be positive integers, nin_ini​ must be even.

The smallest possible even value is

ni=2n_i = 2ni​=2

Then,

nf=52×2=5n_f = \frac{5}{2}\times 2 = 5nf​=25​×2=5

  1. Final answer

The smallest possible value of nfn_fnf​ is

5\boxed{5}5​

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