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Atoms and Nuclei question

2013 · Shift 2 · Q51
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Atoms and Nuclei question

2013 · Shift 2 · Q51

JEE AdvancedPhysicsAtoms and NucleiMultiple correct+4 / −2
The radius of the orbit of an electron in a hydrogen-like atom is 4.5a0, where a0 is the Bohr radius. Its orbital angular momentum is 3h2π{{3h} \over {2\pi }}2π3h​. It is given that h is Planck constant and R is Rydberg constant. The possible wavelength(s), when the atom de-excites, is(are)
  1. A
    932R{9 \over {32R}}32R9​
  2. B
    916R{9 \over {16R}}16R9​
  3. C
    95R{9 \over {5R}}5R9​
  4. D
    43R{4 \over {3R}}3R4​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A, C

Step-by-step Solution:

1. Determine the principal quantum number (n):

The orbital angular momentum (L) of an electron in a hydrogen-like atom is quantized according to Bohr's model: L=nh2πL = n \frac{h}{2\pi}L=n2πh​ where n is the principal quantum number and h is Planck's constant.

It is given that the orbital angular momentum is: L=3h2πL = \frac{3h}{2\pi}L=2π3h​

Comparing the two expressions for L, we get: nh2π=3h2πn \frac{h}{2\pi} = \frac{3h}{2\pi}n2πh​=2π3h​ n=3n = 3n=3 So, the electron is in the third orbit (second excited state).

2. Determine the atomic number (Z):

The radius of the n-th orbit (rnr_nrn​) in a hydrogen-like atom is given by: rn=a0n2Zr_n = a_0 \frac{n^2}{Z}rn​=a0​Zn2​ where a0a_0a0​ is the Bohr radius and Z is the atomic number.

It is given that the radius of the orbit is r=4.5a0=92a0r = 4.5 a_0 = \frac{9}{2} a_0r=4.5a0​=29​a0​. Since we found n=3, this is the radius of the third orbit, r3r_3r3​.

Substituting the values of n and r3r_3r3​ into the radius formula: 92a0=a032Z\frac{9}{2} a_0 = a_0 \frac{3^2}{Z}29​a0​=a0​Z32​ 92=9Z\frac{9}{2} = \frac{9}{Z}29​=Z9​ Z=2Z = 2Z=2 The hydrogen-like atom is a singly ionized Helium atom (He⁺).

3. Identify possible de-excitation transitions:

The electron is in the n=3 state. It can de-excite to lower energy levels. The possible transitions are:

  • n=3→n=1n = 3 \rightarrow n = 1n=3→n=1 (direct transition to ground state)
  • n=3→n=2n = 3 \rightarrow n = 2n=3→n=2 (first step of a cascade)
  • n=2→n=1n = 2 \rightarrow n = 1n=2→n=1 (second step of a cascade, after the 3→23 \rightarrow 23→2 transition)

We need to find the wavelengths of the photons emitted during these transitions.

4. Calculate the wavelengths using the Rydberg formula:

The Rydberg formula for a hydrogen-like atom is: 1λ=RZ2(1n12−1n22)\frac{1}{\lambda} = R Z^2 \left( \frac{1}{n_1^2} - \frac{1}{n_2^2} \right)λ1​=RZ2(n12​1​−n22​1​) where R is the Rydberg constant, n1n_1n1​ is the final state, and n2n_2n2​ is the initial state (n2>n1n_2 > n_1n2​>n1​). Here, we have Z=2.

  • For the transition n=3→n=1n=3 \rightarrow n=1n=3→n=1: 1λ1=R(22)(112−132)=4R(1−19)=4R(89)=32R9\frac{1}{\lambda_1} = R (2^2) \left( \frac{1}{1^2} - \frac{1}{3^2} \right) = 4R \left( 1 - \frac{1}{9} \right) = 4R \left( \frac{8}{9} \right) = \frac{32R}{9}λ1​1​=R(22)(121​−321​)=4R(1−91​)=4R(98​)=932R​ λ1=932R\lambda_1 = \frac{9}{32R}λ1​=32R9​

  • For the transition n=3→n=2n=3 \rightarrow n=2n=3→n=2: 1λ2=R(22)(122−132)=4R(14−19)=4R(9−436)=4R(536)=5R9\frac{1}{\lambda_2} = R (2^2) \left( \frac{1}{2^2} - \frac{1}{3^2} \right) = 4R \left( \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9} \right) = 4R \left( \frac{9-4}{36} \right) = 4R \left( \frac{5}{36} \right) = \frac{5R}{9}λ2​1​=R(22)(221​−321​)=4R(41​−91​)=4R(369−4​)=4R(365​)=95R​ λ2=95R\lambda_2 = \frac{9}{5R}λ2​=5R9​

  • For the transition n=2→n=1n=2 \rightarrow n=1n=2→n=1: 1λ3=R(22)(112−122)=4R(1−14)=4R(34)=3R\frac{1}{\lambda_3} = R (2^2) \left( \frac{1}{1^2} - \frac{1}{2^2} \right) = 4R \left( 1 - \frac{1}{4} \right) = 4R \left( \frac{3}{4} \right) = 3Rλ3​1​=R(22)(121​−221​)=4R(1−41​)=4R(43​)=3R λ3=13R\lambda_3 = \frac{1}{3R}λ3​=3R1​

The possible wavelengths of emitted photons during de-excitation are 9/(32R), 9/(5R), and 1/(3R).

5. Compare with the given options:

  • A: 932R\frac{9}{32R}32R9​ - This matches our calculated wavelength λ1\lambda_1λ1​. This is a correct option.
  • B: 916R\frac{9}{16R}16R9​ - This does not match any of our calculated wavelengths.
  • C: 95R\frac{9}{5R}5R9​ - This matches our calculated wavelength λ2\lambda_2λ2​. This is a correct option.
  • D: 43R\frac{4}{3R}3R4​ - This does not match any of our calculated wavelengths.

Thus, the possible wavelengths are given in options A and C.

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