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Correct answer: 4
Step-by-step Solution:
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Identify the relevant physical principles: The decay of radioactive nuclei is governed by the law: where is the initial number of nuclei, is the number of nuclei at time , and is the decay constant.
The number of nuclei that have decayed by time is . The fraction of nuclei that have decayed is given by:
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Calculate the decay constant (): The decay constant is related to the half-life () by the formula: Given values are s and . We can simplify this calculation by noticing that .
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Calculate the fraction of decay in the given time: The time interval is s. We need to calculate the value of . First, let's compute the exponent :
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Evaluate the fraction: Now substitute the value of into the fraction formula: Since the exponent is very small compared to 1, we can use the Taylor series approximation for . Note that the information about the initial activity ( dps) is not needed to calculate the fraction of decayed nuclei.
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Convert the fraction to percentage and round to the nearest integer: To express the fraction as a percentage, we multiply by 100:
For a more precise verification: Using a calculator, . . Percentage decay = . Rounding to the nearest integer gives .
Final Answer:
The fraction of the initial number of nuclei that will decay in the first 80 s is 4%.
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