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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2012 · Shift 1 · Q38
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  5. /2012 · Shift 1 · Q38

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2012 · Shift 1 · Q38

JEE AdvancedMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+3 / −1
Let f(x)={x2∣cos⁡πx∣,xe00,x=0f(x) = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} {{x^2}\left| {\cos {\pi \over x}} \right|,} & {x e 0} \\ {0,} & {x = 0} \\ \end{matrix} } \right.f(x)={x2​cosxπ​​,0,​xe0x=0​ x ∈\in∈ R, then f is
  1. A
    differentiable both at x = 0 and at x = 2.
  2. B
    differentiable at x = 0 but not differentiable at x = 2.
  3. C
    not differentiable at x = 0 but differentiable at x = 2.
  4. D
    differentiable neither at x = 0 nor at x = 2.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

The given function is f(x)={x2∣cos⁡πx∣,x≠00,x=0f(x) = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} {{x^2}\left| {\cos {\pi \over x}} \right|,} & {x \ne 0} \\ {0,} & {x = 0} \\ \end{matrix} } \right.f(x)={x2​cosxπ​​,0,​x=0x=0​ We need to check the differentiability of this function at x = 0 and x = 2.

Step 1: Differentiability at x = 0

The derivative of f(x) at x = 0 is given by the limit: f′(0)=lim⁡h→0f(0+h)−f(0)hf'(0) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(0+h) - f(0)}{h}f′(0)=limh→0​hf(0+h)−f(0)​ Substituting the function definition: f′(0)=lim⁡h→0h2∣cos⁡πh∣−0hf'(0) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h^2 \left| \cos \frac{\pi}{h} \right| - 0}{h}f′(0)=limh→0​hh2∣coshπ​∣−0​ f′(0)=lim⁡h→0h∣cos⁡πh∣f'(0) = \lim_{h \to 0} h \left| \cos \frac{\pi}{h} \right|f′(0)=limh→0​h​coshπ​​ We know that the value of ∣cos⁡(θ)∣|\cos(\theta)|∣cos(θ)∣ is always between 0 and 1, regardless of θ\thetaθ. So, 0≤∣cos⁡πh∣≤10 \le \left| \cos \frac{\pi}{h} \right| \le 10≤​coshπ​​≤1. Multiplying by |h|, we get: 0≤∣h∣∣cos⁡πh∣≤∣h∣0 \le |h| \left| \cos \frac{\pi}{h} \right| \le |h|0≤∣h∣​coshπ​​≤∣h∣ This can be written as: 0≤∣hcos⁡πh∣≤∣h∣0 \le \left| h \cos \frac{\pi}{h} \right| \le |h|0≤​hcoshπ​​≤∣h∣ Now, we take the limit as h→0h \to 0h→0: lim⁡h→00≤lim⁡h→0∣hcos⁡πh∣≤lim⁡h→0∣h∣\lim_{h \to 0} 0 \le \lim_{h \to 0} \left| h \cos \frac{\pi}{h} \right| \le \lim_{h \to 0} |h|limh→0​0≤limh→0​​hcoshπ​​≤limh→0​∣h∣ 0≤lim⁡h→0∣hcos⁡πh∣≤00 \le \lim_{h \to 0} \left| h \cos \frac{\pi}{h} \right| \le 00≤limh→0​​hcoshπ​​≤0 By the Squeeze Theorem, we have: lim⁡h→0∣hcos⁡πh∣=0\lim_{h \to 0} \left| h \cos \frac{\pi}{h} \right| = 0limh→0​​hcoshπ​​=0 This implies that lim⁡h→0h∣cos⁡πh∣=0\lim_{h \to 0} h \left| \cos \frac{\pi}{h} \right| = 0limh→0​h​coshπ​​=0. So, f'(0) = 0. The limit exists and is finite. Therefore, f(x) is differentiable at x = 0.

Step 2: Differentiability at x = 2

The derivative of f(x) at x = 2 is given by the limit: f′(2)=lim⁡h→0f(2+h)−f(2)hf'(2) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(2+h) - f(2)}{h}f′(2)=limh→0​hf(2+h)−f(2)​ First, we find f(2): f(2)=22∣cos⁡π2∣=4×0=0f(2) = 2^2 \left| \cos \frac{\pi}{2} \right| = 4 \times 0 = 0f(2)=22​cos2π​​=4×0=0. Now, we substitute this into the limit definition: f′(2)=lim⁡h→0(2+h)2∣cos⁡(π2+h)∣−0hf'(2) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{(2+h)^2 \left| \cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2+h}\right) \right| - 0}{h}f′(2)=limh→0​h(2+h)2∣cos(2+hπ​)∣−0​ f′(2)=lim⁡h→0(2+h)2h∣cos⁡(π2+h)∣f'(2) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{(2+h)^2}{h} \left| \cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2+h}\right) \right|f′(2)=limh→0​h(2+h)2​​cos(2+hπ​)​ To evaluate this limit, we need to check the left-hand derivative (LHD) and the right-hand derivative (RHD).

Right-Hand Derivative (RHD) at x = 2: We take the limit as h→0+h \to 0^+h→0+. For h > 0, 2+h > 2, which implies 12+h<12\frac{1}{2+h} < \frac{1}{2}2+h1​<21​ and π2+h<π2\frac{\pi}{2+h} < \frac{\pi}{2}2+hπ​<2π​. The angle is in the first quadrant, so cos⁡(π2+h)>0\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2+h}\right) > 0cos(2+hπ​)>0. Thus, ∣cos⁡(π2+h)∣=cos⁡(π2+h)\left| \cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2+h}\right) \right| = \cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2+h}\right)​cos(2+hπ​)​=cos(2+hπ​). RHD=lim⁡h→0+(2+h)2hcos⁡(π2+h)RHD = \lim_{h \to 0^+} \frac{(2+h)^2}{h} \cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2+h}\right)RHD=limh→0+​h(2+h)2​cos(2+hπ​) Using the identity cos⁡(θ)=sin⁡(π2−θ)\cos(\theta) = \sin(\frac{\pi}{2} - \theta)cos(θ)=sin(2π​−θ): RHD=lim⁡h→0+(2+h)2hsin⁡(π2−π2+h)=lim⁡h→0+(2+h)2hsin⁡(πh2(2+h))RHD = \lim_{h \to 0^+} \frac{(2+h)^2}{h} \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2+h}\right) = \lim_{h \to 0^+} \frac{(2+h)^2}{h} \sin\left(\frac{\pi h}{2(2+h)}\right)RHD=limh→0+​h(2+h)2​sin(2π​−2+hπ​)=limh→0+​h(2+h)2​sin(2(2+h)πh​) Using the standard limit lim⁡u→0sin⁡uu=1\lim_{u \to 0} \frac{\sin u}{u} = 1limu→0​usinu​=1: RHD=lim⁡h→0+(2+h)2hsin⁡(πh2(2+h))πh2(2+h)⋅πh2(2+h)RHD = \lim_{h \to 0^+} \frac{(2+h)^2}{h} \frac{\sin\left(\frac{\pi h}{2(2+h)}\right)}{\frac{\pi h}{2(2+h)}} \cdot \frac{\pi h}{2(2+h)}RHD=limh→0+​h(2+h)2​2(2+h)πh​sin(2(2+h)πh​)​⋅2(2+h)πh​ RHD=lim⁡h→0+(2+h)2⋅1⋅π2(2+h)=lim⁡h→0+π(2+h)2=2π2=πRHD = \lim_{h \to 0^+} (2+h)^2 \cdot 1 \cdot \frac{\pi}{2(2+h)} = \lim_{h \to 0^+} \frac{\pi(2+h)}{2} = \frac{2\pi}{2} = \piRHD=limh→0+​(2+h)2⋅1⋅2(2+h)π​=limh→0+​2π(2+h)​=22π​=π

Left-Hand Derivative (LHD) at x = 2: We take the limit as h→0−h \to 0^-h→0−. For h < 0, 2+h < 2, which implies 12+h>12\frac{1}{2+h} > \frac{1}{2}2+h1​>21​ and π2+h>π2\frac{\pi}{2+h} > \frac{\pi}{2}2+hπ​>2π​. For h approaching 0 from the left, the angle is in the second quadrant, so cos⁡(π2+h)<0\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2+h}\right) < 0cos(2+hπ​)<0. Thus, ∣cos⁡(π2+h)∣=−cos⁡(π2+h)\left| \cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2+h}\right) \right| = -\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2+h}\right)​cos(2+hπ​)​=−cos(2+hπ​). LHD=lim⁡h→0−(2+h)2h(−cos⁡(π2+h))LHD = \lim_{h \to 0^-} \frac{(2+h)^2}{h} \left(-\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2+h}\right)\right)LHD=limh→0−​h(2+h)2​(−cos(2+hπ​)) LHD=lim⁡h→0−−(2+h)2hsin⁡(πh2(2+h))LHD = \lim_{h \to 0^-} -\frac{(2+h)^2}{h} \sin\left(\frac{\pi h}{2(2+h)}\right)LHD=limh→0−​−h(2+h)2​sin(2(2+h)πh​) Following the same procedure as for RHD: LHD=lim⁡h→0−−(2+h)2⋅1⋅π2(2+h)=lim⁡h→0−−π(2+h)2=−2π2=−πLHD = \lim_{h \to 0^-} -(2+h)^2 \cdot 1 \cdot \frac{\pi}{2(2+h)} = \lim_{h \to 0^-} -\frac{\pi(2+h)}{2} = -\frac{2\pi}{2} = -\piLHD=limh→0−​−(2+h)2⋅1⋅2(2+h)π​=limh→0−​−2π(2+h)​=−22π​=−π

Since RHD=πRHD = \piRHD=π and LHD=−πLHD = -\piLHD=−π, we have LHD≠RHDLHD \ne RHDLHD=RHD. Therefore, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.

Step 3: Conclusion

From our analysis:

  • f(x) is differentiable at x = 0.
  • f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.

This corresponds to option B.

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