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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2011 · Shift 2 · Q36
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  5. /2011 · Shift 2 · Q36

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2011 · Shift 2 · Q36

JEE AdvancedMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMultiple correct+4 / −1
If f(x)={−x−π2,x≤−π2−cos⁡x−π21f(x) = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} { - x - {\pi \over 2},} & {x \le - {\pi \over 2}} \\ { - \cos x} & { - {\pi \over 2} 1} \\ \end{matrix} } \right.f(x)={−x−2π​,−cosx​x≤−2π​−2π​1​, then
  1. A
    f(x) is continuous at x = −π-\pi−π/2.
  2. B
    f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
  3. C
    f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
  4. D
    f(x) is differentiable at x = −-− 3/2.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A, B, C, D

The given function is a piecewise function defined as: f(x)={−x−π2,x≤−π2−cos⁡x−π2<x≤0x−10<x≤1ln⁡xx>1f(x) = \left\{ \begin{matrix} { - x - {\pi \over 2},} & {x \le - {\pi \over 2}} \\ { - \cos x} & { - {\pi \over 2} < x \le 0} \\ {x - 1} & {0 < x \le 1} \\ {\ln x} & {x > 1} \end{matrix} \right.f(x)=⎩⎨⎧​−x−2π​,−cosxx−1lnx​x≤−2π​−2π​<x≤00<x≤1x>1​ We need to check the continuity and differentiability of the function at the points mentioned in the options.

Option A: f(x) is continuous at x = −π-\pi−π/2.

To check for continuity at x=−π/2x = -\pi/2x=−π/2, we need to evaluate the left-hand limit (LHL), the right-hand limit (RHL), and the value of the function at that point, i.e., f(−π/2)f(-\pi/2)f(−π/2).

  1. Function value: For x=−π/2x = -\pi/2x=−π/2, the function is defined as f(x)=−x−π/2f(x) = -x - \pi/2f(x)=−x−π/2. f(−π/2)=−(−π/2)−π/2=π/2−π/2=0f(-\pi/2) = -(-\pi/2) - \pi/2 = \pi/2 - \pi/2 = 0f(−π/2)=−(−π/2)−π/2=π/2−π/2=0

  2. Left-hand limit (LHL): As xxx approaches −π/2-\pi/2−π/2 from the left (x<−π/2x < -\pi/2x<−π/2), we use f(x)=−x−π/2f(x) = -x - \pi/2f(x)=−x−π/2. LHL=lim⁡x→(−π/2)−(−x−π/2)=−(−π/2)−π/2=0LHL = \lim_{x \to (-\pi/2)^-} (-x - \pi/2) = -(-\pi/2) - \pi/2 = 0LHL=limx→(−π/2)−​(−x−π/2)=−(−π/2)−π/2=0

  3. Right-hand limit (RHL): As xxx approaches −π/2-\pi/2−π/2 from the right (x>−π/2x > -\pi/2x>−π/2), we use f(x)=−cos⁡xf(x) = -\cos xf(x)=−cosx. RHL=lim⁡x→(−π/2)+(−cos⁡x)=−cos⁡(−π/2)=−cos⁡(π/2)=0RHL = \lim_{x \to (-\pi/2)^+} (-\cos x) = -\cos(-\pi/2) = -\cos(\pi/2) = 0RHL=limx→(−π/2)+​(−cosx)=−cos(−π/2)=−cos(π/2)=0

Since LHL=RHL=f(−π/2)=0LHL = RHL = f(-\pi/2) = 0LHL=RHL=f(−π/2)=0, the function f(x)f(x)f(x) is continuous at x=−π/2x = -\pi/2x=−π/2. Thus, Option A is correct.

Option B: f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.

First, let's check for continuity at x=0x = 0x=0.

  1. Continuity at x = 0:

    • f(0)=−cos⁡(0)=−1f(0) = -\cos(0) = -1f(0)=−cos(0)=−1.
    • LHL=lim⁡x→0−f(x)=lim⁡x→0−(−cos⁡x)=−cos⁡(0)=−1LHL = \lim_{x \to 0^-} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 0^-} (-\cos x) = -\cos(0) = -1LHL=limx→0−​f(x)=limx→0−​(−cosx)=−cos(0)=−1.
    • RHL=lim⁡x→0+f(x)=lim⁡x→0+(x−1)=0−1=−1RHL = \lim_{x \to 0^+} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 0^+} (x - 1) = 0 - 1 = -1RHL=limx→0+​f(x)=limx→0+​(x−1)=0−1=−1. Since LHL=RHL=f(0)LHL = RHL = f(0)LHL=RHL=f(0), the function is continuous at x=0x=0x=0. Now we check for differentiability.
  2. Differentiability at x = 0: We compute the left-hand derivative (LHD) and right-hand derivative (RHD) at x=0x=0x=0.

    • LHD: For x<0x < 0x<0, f(x)=−cos⁡xf(x) = -\cos xf(x)=−cosx. So, f′(x)=sin⁡xf'(x) = \sin xf′(x)=sinx. LHD=f′(0−)=lim⁡x→0−(sin⁡x)=sin⁡(0)=0LHD = f'(0^-) = \lim_{x \to 0^-} (\sin x) = \sin(0) = 0LHD=f′(0−)=limx→0−​(sinx)=sin(0)=0
    • RHD: For x>0x > 0x>0, f(x)=x−1f(x) = x - 1f(x)=x−1. So, f′(x)=1f'(x) = 1f′(x)=1. RHD=f′(0+)=lim⁡x→0+(1)=1RHD = f'(0^+) = \lim_{x \to 0^+} (1) = 1RHD=f′(0+)=limx→0+​(1)=1 Since LHD≠RHDLHD \neq RHDLHD=RHD (0≠10 \neq 10=1), the function f(x)f(x)f(x) is not differentiable at x=0x = 0x=0. Thus, Option B is correct.

Option C: f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.

First, let's check for continuity at x=1x = 1x=1.

  1. Continuity at x = 1:

    • f(1)=1−1=0f(1) = 1 - 1 = 0f(1)=1−1=0.
    • LHL=lim⁡x→1−f(x)=lim⁡x→1−(x−1)=1−1=0LHL = \lim_{x \to 1^-} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 1^-} (x - 1) = 1 - 1 = 0LHL=limx→1−​f(x)=limx→1−​(x−1)=1−1=0.
    • RHL=lim⁡x→1+f(x)=lim⁡x→1+(ln⁡x)=ln⁡(1)=0RHL = \lim_{x \to 1^+} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 1^+} (\ln x) = \ln(1) = 0RHL=limx→1+​f(x)=limx→1+​(lnx)=ln(1)=0. Since LHL=RHL=f(1)LHL = RHL = f(1)LHL=RHL=f(1), the function is continuous at x=1x=1x=1. Now we check for differentiability.
  2. Differentiability at x = 1:

    • LHD: For x<1x < 1x<1, f(x)=x−1f(x) = x - 1f(x)=x−1. So, f′(x)=1f'(x) = 1f′(x)=1. LHD=f′(1−)=lim⁡x→1−(1)=1LHD = f'(1^-) = \lim_{x \to 1^-} (1) = 1LHD=f′(1−)=limx→1−​(1)=1
    • RHD: For x>1x > 1x>1, f(x)=ln⁡xf(x) = \ln xf(x)=lnx. So, f′(x)=1/xf'(x) = 1/xf′(x)=1/x. RHD=f′(1+)=lim⁡x→1+(1/x)=1/1=1RHD = f'(1^+) = \lim_{x \to 1^+} (1/x) = 1/1 = 1RHD=f′(1+)=limx→1+​(1/x)=1/1=1 Since LHD=RHD=1LHD = RHD = 1LHD=RHD=1, the function f(x)f(x)f(x) is differentiable at x=1x = 1x=1. Thus, Option C is correct.

Option D: f(x) is differentiable at x = -3/2.

We need to determine in which interval x=−3/2x = -3/2x=−3/2 lies. x=−3/2=−1.5x = -3/2 = -1.5x=−3/2=−1.5. We compare this value with the boundary point −π/2≈−1.5708-\pi/2 \approx -1.5708−π/2≈−1.5708. Since −1.5708<−1.5-1.5708 < -1.5−1.5708<−1.5, we have −π/2<−3/2-\pi/2 < -3/2−π/2<−3/2. Also, −3/2<0-3/2 < 0−3/2<0. So, the point x=−3/2x = -3/2x=−3/2 lies in the interval (−π/2,0](-\pi/2, 0](−π/2,0].

In this interval, the function is defined as f(x)=−cos⁡xf(x) = -\cos xf(x)=−cosx. The function −cos⁡x-\cos x−cosx is differentiable for all real numbers. Therefore, it is differentiable at any point in the open interval (−π/2,0)(-\pi/2, 0)(−π/2,0). Since x=−3/2x = -3/2x=−3/2 is an interior point of the domain where f(x)=−cos⁡xf(x) = -\cos xf(x)=−cosx, the function is differentiable at this point. The derivative is f′(x)=ddx(−cos⁡x)=sin⁡xf'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(-\cos x) = \sin xf′(x)=dxd​(−cosx)=sinx. At x=−3/2x=-3/2x=−3/2, the derivative f′(−3/2)=sin⁡(−3/2)=−sin⁡(3/2)f'(-3/2) = \sin(-3/2) = -\sin(3/2)f′(−3/2)=sin(−3/2)=−sin(3/2) exists and is finite. Thus, Option D is correct.

Conclusion: All four options A, B, C, and D are correct.

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