- Avanishes at least twice on
- B
- C
- D
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Correct answer: A, B, C, D
The user wants me to solve a multiple-choice question with multiple correct answers from the topic of calculus.
Given Information:
- is a non-constant, twice differentiable function on .
- for all . This implies the function is symmetric about the line .
- .
Let's analyze the properties of and then evaluate each option.
Analysis of
Differentiating the given equation with respect to , we get: Differentiating again with respect to : This shows that is anti-symmetric about , and is symmetric about .
Evaluation of Option B:
- Using the relation from equation .
- Substitute into the equation:
- Rearranging the terms, we get:
Conclusion: Option B is correct.
Evaluation of Option A: vanishes at least twice on
- We are given that .
- From equation , let's find the value of : .
- Since , it follows that .
- We have now established three points where the first derivative is zero: , (from option B), and . All these points lie in the interval .
- Consider the function . Since is twice differentiable, is continuous and differentiable everywhere.
- Apply Rolle's Theorem to on the interval :
- is continuous on .
- is differentiable on .
- . Therefore, there exists at least one point such that .
- Apply Rolle's Theorem to on the interval :
- is continuous on .
- is differentiable on .
- . Therefore, there exists at least one point such that .
- Since and , the points and are distinct. Both points lie within the interval .
Conclusion: Option A is correct.
Evaluation of Option C:
- Let the integral be .
- We check if the integrand, , is an odd function. An integral of an odd function over a symmetric interval is zero.
- Evaluate : .
- The given property implies symmetry about . Let's set . Then . So, .
- Substitute this back into the expression for : .
- Since is an odd function, its integral over the symmetric interval is zero.
Conclusion: Option C is correct.
Evaluation of Option D:
- Let's analyze the right-hand side (RHS) of the equation: .
- We use a substitution. Let . Then and .
- We also need to change the limits of integration:
- When , .
- When , .
- Substituting these into the RHS integral: .
- Using the trigonometric identity , we get: .
- This expression is identical to the left-hand side (LHS), with the variable of integration being instead of . The name of the integration variable does not affect the value of the definite integral. .
- The equality holds. Note that this derivation is valid for any integrable function and does not depend on the specific properties of given in the problem, such as . It is a mathematical identity.
Conclusion: Option D is correct.
Final Summary
Based on the step-by-step analysis, all four options A, B, C, and D are correct statements derived from the given information or are general mathematical identities. The question asks for which statements follow from the premises. All four statements are true.
- A: Correct, by applying Rolle's theorem on .
- B: Correct, a direct consequence of .
- C: Correct, based on the integrand being an odd function.
- D: Correct, as it is a mathematical identity proven by substitution.
Therefore, the correct answer should include all four options. The stored answer is {A, B, C}, which is incomplete.
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