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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2011 · Shift 1 · Q41
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  5. /2011 · Shift 1 · Q41

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2011 · Shift 1 · Q41

JEE AdvancedMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMultiple correct+4 / −1
Let f : R →\to→ R be a function such that f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y), ∀x,y∈Rf(x + y) = f(x) + f(y),\,\forall x,y \in Rf(x+y)=f(x)+f(y),∀x,y∈R. If f(x) is differentiable at x = 0, then
  1. A
    f(x) is differentiable only in a finite interval containing zero.
  2. B
    f(x) is continuous ∀x∈R\forall x \in R∀x∈R.
  3. C
    f'(x) is constant ∀x∈R\forall x \in R∀x∈R.
  4. D
    f(x) is differentiable except at finitely many points.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B, C

  1. We are given the functional equation

    \,\forall x,y\in \mathbb R.$$ This is Cauchy’s functional equation.
  2. Also given: fff is differentiable at x=0x=0x=0.

  3. Since differentiability at 000 implies continuity at 000, we have lim⁡h→0f(h)=f(0).\lim_{h\to 0} f(h)=f(0).limh→0​f(h)=f(0).

  4. First find f(0)f(0)f(0) using the functional equation: f(0)=f(0+0)=f(0)+f(0)  ⟹  f(0)=0.f(0)=f(0+0)=f(0)+f(0)\implies f(0)=0.f(0)=f(0+0)=f(0)+f(0)⟹f(0)=0.

  5. Because fff is continuous at 000, and additive, it must be linear. Let us prove it using differentiability at 000.

  6. Differentiate at 000: f′(0)=lim⁡h→0f(h)−f(0)h=lim⁡h→0f(h)h.f'(0)=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(h)-f(0)}{h}=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(h)}{h}.f′(0)=limh→0​hf(h)−f(0)​=limh→0​hf(h)​. Let f′(0)=c.f'(0)=c.f′(0)=c. Then for small hhh, f(h)h→c.\frac{f(h)}{h}\to c.hf(h)​→c.

  7. Now check differentiability at any arbitrary x∈Rx\in\mathbb Rx∈R: f′(x)=lim⁡h→0f(x+h)−f(x)h.f'(x)=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}.f′(x)=limh→0​hf(x+h)−f(x)​. Using additivity, f(x+h)−f(x)=f(h).f(x+h)-f(x)=f(h).f(x+h)−f(x)=f(h). Therefore, f′(x)=lim⁡h→0f(h)h=f′(0)=c.f'(x)=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(h)}{h}=f'(0)=c.f′(x)=limh→0​hf(h)​=f′(0)=c. Hence f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) exists for every x∈Rx\in\mathbb Rx∈R and is the same constant.

  8. So:

    • fff is differentiable for all x∈Rx\in\mathbb Rx∈R.
    • f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) is constant for all x∈Rx\in\mathbb Rx∈R.
  9. Since differentiability implies continuity, fff is continuous for all x∈Rx\in\mathbb Rx∈R.

  10. Now evaluate the options:

  • A: "Differentiable only in a finite interval containing zero" — false, since it is differentiable for all real xxx.
  • B: "f(x)f(x)f(x) is continuous ∀x∈R\forall x\in\mathbb R∀x∈R" — true.
  • C: "f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) is constant ∀x∈R\forall x\in\mathbb R∀x∈R" — true.
  • D: "Differentiable except at finitely many points" — false, since it is differentiable everywhere.

Therefore the correct options are B, C.\boxed{B,\ C}.B, C​.

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