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3D Geometry question

2019 · Shift 2 · Q22
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3D Geometry question

2019 · Shift 2 · Q22

JEE AdvancedMathematics3D GeometryMultiple correct+4 / −1
Three lines L1:r=λi^{L_1}:r = \lambda \widehat iL1​:r=λi, λ∈\lambda \inλ∈ R, L2:r=k^+μj^{L_2}:r = \widehat k + \mu \widehat jL2​:r=k+μj​, μ∈\mu \inμ∈ R and L3:r=i^+j^+vk^{L_3}:r = \widehat i + \widehat j + v\widehat kL3​:r=i+j​+vk, v ∈\in∈ R are given. For which point(s) Q on L2 can we find a point P on L1 and a point R on L3 so that P, Q and R are collinear?
  1. A
    k^\widehat kk
  2. B
    k^\widehat kk+j^\widehat jj​
  3. C
    k^\widehat kk+12j^{1 \over 2}\widehat j21​j​
  4. D
    k^−12j^\widehat k-{1 \over 2}\widehat jk−21​j​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C, D

  1. Write the points on the three lines in coordinate form

Given:

  • L1:r⃗=λi^L_1: \vec r = \lambda \hat iL1​:r=λi^
    So a general point on L1L_1L1​ is P=(λ,0,0).P=(\lambda,0,0).P=(λ,0,0).

  • L2:r⃗=k^+μj^L_2: \vec r = \hat k + \mu \hat jL2​:r=k^+μj^​
    So a general point on L2L_2L2​ is Q=(0,μ,1).Q=(0,\mu,1).Q=(0,μ,1).

  • L3:r⃗=i^+j^+vk^L_3: \vec r = \hat i+\hat j+v\hat kL3​:r=i^+j^​+vk^
    So a general point on L3L_3L3​ is R=(1,1,v).R=(1,1,v).R=(1,1,v).

We need those points QQQ on L2L_2L2​ for which there exist some P∈L1P\in L_1P∈L1​ and R∈L3R\in L_3R∈L3​ such that P,Q,RP,Q,RP,Q,R are collinear.


  1. Use collinearity condition

If P,Q,RP,Q,RP,Q,R are collinear, then vectors PQ→\overrightarrow{PQ}PQ​ and PR→\overrightarrow{PR}PR must be parallel.

Now, PQ→=Q−P=(−λ,μ,1),\overrightarrow{PQ}=Q-P=( -\lambda,\mu,1),PQ​=Q−P=(−λ,μ,1), PR→=R−P=(1−λ,1,v).\overrightarrow{PR}=R-P=(1-\lambda,1,v).PR=R−P=(1−λ,1,v).

For collinearity, there must exist some scalar ttt such that (−λ,μ,1)=t(1−λ,1,v).(-\lambda,\mu,1)=t(1-\lambda,1,v).(−λ,μ,1)=t(1−λ,1,v).

Equating components: −λ=t(1−λ)...(1)-\lambda=t(1-\lambda) \quad ...(1)−λ=t(1−λ)...(1) μ=t...(2)\mu=t \quad ...(2)μ=t...(2) 1=tv...(3)1=tv \quad ...(3)1=tv...(3)

We need only the possible values of μ\muμ.


  1. Find condition on μ\muμ using two-point form of line

A cleaner way is to parametrize the line joining P=(λ,0,0)P=(\lambda,0,0)P=(λ,0,0) and R=(1,1,v)R=(1,1,v)R=(1,1,v).

A general point on line PRPRPR is P+s(R−P).P+s(R-P).P+s(R−P). So its coordinates are (x,y,z)=(λ,0,0)+s(1−λ,1,v).(x,y,z)=(\lambda,0,0)+s(1-\lambda,1,v).(x,y,z)=(λ,0,0)+s(1−λ,1,v).

Thus, x=λ+s(1−λ),y=s,z=sv.x=\lambda+s(1-\lambda), \quad y=s, \quad z=sv.x=λ+s(1−λ),y=s,z=sv.

Since QQQ lies on L2L_2L2​, we need Q=(0,μ,1).Q=(0,\mu,1).Q=(0,μ,1). Hence, y=μ=s,y=\mu=s,y=μ=s, so s=μ.s=\mu.s=μ. Also, z=1=sv=μv,z=1=sv=\mu v,z=1=sv=μv, so as long as μ≠0\mu\neq 0μ=0, we can choose v=1μ.v=\frac{1}{\mu}.v=μ1​. Now impose the xxx-coordinate condition: 0=λ+μ(1−λ).0=\lambda+\mu(1-\lambda).0=λ+μ(1−λ). Simplify: 0=λ+μ−μλ,0=\lambda+\mu-\mu\lambda,0=λ+μ−μλ, λ(1−μ)=−μ.\lambda(1-\mu)=-\mu.λ(1−μ)=−μ. So, λ=−μ1−μ,(μ≠1).\lambda=\frac{-\mu}{1-\mu}, \qquad (\mu\neq 1).λ=1−μ−μ​,(μ=1).

Therefore, for any μ≠0,1\mu\neq 0,1μ=0,1, we can choose suitable λ\lambdaλ and vvv.

What about μ=1\mu=1μ=1? Then from 0=λ+1(1−λ)=1,0=\lambda+1(1-\lambda)=1,0=λ+1(1−λ)=1, which is impossible. So μ=1\mu=1μ=1 is not allowed.

What about μ=0\mu=0μ=0? Then Q=(0,0,1)Q=(0,0,1)Q=(0,0,1) and from 1=μv1=\mu v1=μv impossible. So μ=0\mu=0μ=0 is also not allowed.

Hence the required points on L2L_2L2​ are exactly those with μ≠0,1.\mu\neq 0,1.μ=0,1.


  1. Check the options

On L2L_2L2​, point is Q=(0,μ,1)=k^+μj^Q=(0,\mu,1)=\hat k+\mu \hat jQ=(0,μ,1)=k^+μj^​.

  • A: k^\hat kk^ corresponds to μ=0\mu=0μ=0
    Not possible.

  • B: k^+j^\hat k+\hat jk^+j^​ corresponds to μ=1\mu=1μ=1
    Not possible.

  • C: k^+12j^\hat k+\frac12\hat jk^+21​j^​ corresponds to μ=12\mu=\frac12μ=21​
    Possible.

  • D: k^−12j^\hat k-\frac12\hat jk^−21​j^​ corresponds to μ=−12\mu=-\frac12μ=−21​
    Possible.


  1. Final answer

The correct options are C,D.\boxed{C, D}.C,D​.

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