The energy of an electron in the ground state for ion is , then that for an electron in state for ion in is
- A
- B
- C
- D
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Correct answer: A
The energy levels of an electron in a hydrogen-like ion (an atom or ion with only one electron) can be quantified using the formula:
$$ E_n = -\frac{Z^2 \cdot 13.6 \text{ eV}}{n^2} $$
where:
- $ E_n $ is the energy of the electron in the nth energy level,
- $ Z $ is the atomic number (number of protons) of the ion,
- $ 13.6 \text{ eV} $ is the ionization energy of hydrogen,
- $ n $ is the principal quantum number (the energy level).
Since we need to compare this across different ions in different energy states, let's plug in some numbers:
For $ \mathrm{He}^{+} $ (Helium ion):
- $ Z = 2 $ (as helium has 2 protons)
- $ n = 1 $ for ground state
$$ E_1 = -\frac{(2)^2 \cdot 13.6 \text{ eV}}{1^2} = -4 \cdot 13.6 \text{ eV} = -54.4 \text{ eV} $$
However, the problem gives the energy in joules, and it's given a constant $ x $. So, $ x = 54.4 \text{ eV} $ (converted to joules as needed).
Next, for the $ \mathrm{Be}^{3+} $ ion:
- $ Z = 4 $ (as beryllium has 4 protons)
- $ n = 2 $
$$ E_2 = -\frac{(4)^2 \cdot 13.6 \text{ eV}}{2^2} = -\frac{16 \cdot 13.6 \text{ eV}}{4} = -54.4 \text{ eV} $$
Since initially $ x = 54.4 \text{ eV} $ (or its equivalent in joules) for $$ \mathrm{He}^{+} \text{ at } n=1 $$, and now we have the same energy for $$ \mathrm{Be}^{3+} \text{ at } n=2 $$, the energy level in joules would also equate to $ x $, just at a different energy state and ion.
So, the answer is:
Option A: $ -x $.
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