$\bullet$ During anaphase II, each pair of chromosomes is separated into two identical, independent chromosomes. The chromosomes are separated by a structure called the mitotic spindle made up of many long proteins called microtubules, which are attached to a chromosome at one end and to the pole of a cell at the other end. The sister chromatids are separated simultaneously at their centromeres. The separated chromosomes are then pulled by the spindle to opposite poles of the cell. Thus, the centromere splits, freeing the sister chromatids from each other.

$\bullet$ Telophase II is the last stage of meiosis II. During this phase, the chromatids reach the poles and start uncoiling.

$\bullet$ Chromosomes form two parallel plates in metaphase I and one plate in metaphase II.