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Vector Algebra question

2022 · 25 Jun · Shift 1 · Q46
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  5. /2022 · 25 Jun · Shift 1 · Q46

Vector Algebra question

2022 · 25 Jun · Shift 1 · Q46

JEE MainPhysicsVector AlgebraMCQ+4 / −1
Which of the following relations is true for two unit vector A^\widehat AA and B^\widehat BB making an angle θ\thetaθ to each other?
  1. A
    ∣A^+B^∣=∣A^−B^∣tan⁡θ2|\widehat A + \widehat B| = |\widehat A - \widehat B|\tan {\theta \over 2}∣A+B∣=∣A−B∣tan2θ​
  2. B
    ∣A^−B^∣=∣A^+B^∣tan⁡θ2|\widehat A - \widehat B| = |\widehat A + \widehat B|\tan {\theta \over 2}∣A−B∣=∣A+B∣tan2θ​
  3. C
    ∣A^+B^∣=∣A^−B^∣cosθ2|\widehat A + \widehat B| = |\widehat A - \widehat B|cos{\theta \over 2}∣A+B∣=∣A−B∣cos2θ​
  4. D
    ∣A^−B^∣=∣A^+B^∣cos⁡θ2|\widehat A - \widehat B| = |\widehat A + \widehat B|\cos {\theta \over 2}∣A−B∣=∣A+B∣cos2θ​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Let the two unit vectors be A^\widehat AA and B^\widehat BB with angle θ\thetaθ between them.

    Since they are unit vectors, ∣A^∣=∣B^∣=1|\widehat A|=|\widehat B|=1∣A∣=∣B∣=1 and A^⋅B^=cos⁡θ.\widehat A\cdot \widehat B = \cos\theta.A⋅B=cosθ.

  2. Find ∣A^+B^∣|\widehat A+\widehat B|∣A+B∣.

    Using ∣x⃗∣2=x⃗⋅x⃗,|\vec x|^2=\vec x\cdot \vec x,∣x∣2=x⋅x, we get ∣A^+B^∣2=(A^+B^)⋅(A^+B^).|\widehat A+\widehat B|^2=(\widehat A+\widehat B)\cdot(\widehat A+\widehat B).∣A+B∣2=(A+B)⋅(A+B).

    Expanding, ∣A^+B^∣2=∣A^∣2+∣B^∣2+2A^⋅B^|\widehat A+\widehat B|^2=|\widehat A|^2+|\widehat B|^2+2\widehat A\cdot \widehat B∣A+B∣2=∣A∣2+∣B∣2+2A⋅B =1+1+2cos⁡θ=1+1+2\cos\theta=1+1+2cosθ =2(1+cos⁡θ).=2(1+\cos\theta).=2(1+cosθ).

    Now use the identity 1+cos⁡θ=2cos⁡2θ2.1+\cos\theta=2\cos^2\frac{\theta}{2}.1+cosθ=2cos22θ​.

    So, ∣A^+B^∣2=4cos⁡2θ2|\widehat A+\widehat B|^2=4\cos^2\frac{\theta}{2}∣A+B∣2=4cos22θ​ ⇒∣A^+B^∣=2cos⁡θ2.\Rightarrow |\widehat A+\widehat B|=2\cos\frac{\theta}{2}.⇒∣A+B∣=2cos2θ​.

  3. Find ∣A^−B^∣|\widehat A-\widehat B|∣A−B∣.

    Similarly, ∣A^−B^∣2=(A^−B^)⋅(A^−B^)|\widehat A-\widehat B|^2=(\widehat A-\widehat B)\cdot(\widehat A-\widehat B)∣A−B∣2=(A−B)⋅(A−B) =∣A^∣2+∣B^∣2−2A^⋅B^=|\widehat A|^2+|\widehat B|^2-2\widehat A\cdot \widehat B=∣A∣2+∣B∣2−2A⋅B =1+1−2cos⁡θ=1+1-2\cos\theta=1+1−2cosθ =2(1−cos⁡θ).=2(1-\cos\theta).=2(1−cosθ).

    Using 1−cos⁡θ=2sin⁡2θ2,1-\cos\theta=2\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2},1−cosθ=2sin22θ​, we get ∣A^−B^∣2=4sin⁡2θ2|\widehat A-\widehat B|^2=4\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2}∣A−B∣2=4sin22θ​ ⇒∣A^−B^∣=2sin⁡θ2.\Rightarrow |\widehat A-\widehat B|=2\sin\frac{\theta}{2}.⇒∣A−B∣=2sin2θ​.

  4. Compare the two expressions.

    \frac{|\widehat A-\widehat B|}{|\widehat A+\widehat B|}= rac{2\sin\frac{\theta}{2}}{2\cos\frac{\theta}{2}}=\tan\frac{\theta}{2}.

    Therefore, ∣A^−B^∣=∣A^+B^∣tan⁡θ2.|\widehat A-\widehat B|=|\widehat A+\widehat B|\tan\frac{\theta}{2}.∣A−B∣=∣A+B∣tan2θ​.

  5. Check options:

    • A: ∣A^+B^∣=∣A^−B^∣tan⁡θ2|\widehat A + \widehat B| = |\widehat A - \widehat B|\tan \frac{\theta}{2}∣A+B∣=∣A−B∣tan2θ​ This is incorrect.
    • B: ∣A^−B^∣=∣A^+B^∣tan⁡θ2|\widehat A - \widehat B| = |\widehat A + \widehat B|\tan \frac{\theta}{2}∣A−B∣=∣A+B∣tan2θ​ This is correct.
    • C and D involving cos⁡θ2\cos\frac{\theta}{2}cos2θ​ are incorrect.

Hence, the correct option is B.

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