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Properties of Matter question

2020 · 2 Sep · Shift 2 · Q65
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Properties of Matter question

2020 · 2 Sep · Shift 2 · Q65

JEE MainPhysicsProperties of MatterNumerical+4 / −1
A wire of density 9 ×\times× 10–3 kg cm–3 is stretched between two clamps 1 m apart. The resulting strain in the wire is 4.9 ×\times× 10–4. The lowest frequency of the transverse vibrations in the wire is : (Young’s modulus of wire Y = 9 ×\times× 1010 Nm–2), (to the nearest integer), ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 35

  1. Given data
  • Density of wire: ρ=9×10−3 kg cm−3\rho = 9\times 10^{-3}\ \text{kg cm}^{-3}ρ=9×10−3 kg cm−3
  • Length between clamps: L=1 mL = 1\ \text{m}L=1 m
  • Strain: ϵ=4.9×10−4\epsilon = 4.9\times 10^{-4}ϵ=4.9×10−4
  • Young’s modulus: Y=9×1010 N m−2Y = 9\times 10^{10}\ \text{N m}^{-2}Y=9×1010 N m−2

We need the lowest (fundamental) frequency of transverse vibration.


  1. Convert density into SI units

Since 1 cm3=10−6 m3,1\ \text{cm}^3 = 10^{-6}\ \text{m}^3,1 cm3=10−6 m3, we have 1 kg cm−3=106 kg m−3.1\ \text{kg cm}^{-3} = 10^6\ \text{kg m}^{-3}.1 kg cm−3=106 kg m−3.

Therefore, ρ=9×10−3×106=9×103 kg m−3.\rho = 9\times 10^{-3}\times 10^6 = 9\times 10^3\ \text{kg m}^{-3}.ρ=9×10−3×106=9×103 kg m−3.


  1. Find the tension using stress = Y × strain

Stress in the wire is stress=Yϵ.\text{stress} = Y\epsilon.stress=Yϵ.

So, stress=9×1010×4.9×10−4.\text{stress} = 9\times 10^{10}\times 4.9\times 10^{-4}.stress=9×1010×4.9×10−4.

stress=44.1×106=4.41×107 N m−2.\text{stress} = 44.1\times 10^6 = 4.41\times 10^7\ \text{N m}^{-2}.stress=44.1×106=4.41×107 N m−2.

Now, stress=TA\text{stress} = \frac{T}{A}stress=AT​ where TTT is tension and AAA is cross-sectional area.

Thus, TA=4.41×107.\frac{T}{A} = 4.41\times 10^7.AT​=4.41×107.


  1. Use the wave speed formula

For a stretched wire, wave speed is v=Tμ,v = \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}},v=μT​​, where linear mass density μ=ρA.\mu = \rho A.μ=ρA.

Hence, v=TρA=T/Aρ.v = \sqrt{\frac{T}{\rho A}} = \sqrt{\frac{T/A}{\rho}}.v=ρAT​​=ρT/A​​.

Substitute values: v=4.41×1079×103.v = \sqrt{\frac{4.41\times 10^7}{9\times 10^3}}.v=9×1034.41×107​​.

v=4.9×103=4900=70 m/s.v = \sqrt{4.9\times 10^3} = \sqrt{4900} = 70\ \text{m/s}.v=4.9×103​=4900​=70 m/s.


  1. Find the fundamental frequency

For a wire fixed at both ends, the lowest frequency is f1=v2L.f_1 = \frac{v}{2L}.f1​=2Lv​.

Since L=1 mL=1\ \text{m}L=1 m, f1=702×1=35 Hz.f_1 = \frac{70}{2\times 1} = 35\ \text{Hz}.f1​=2×170​=35 Hz.


  1. Final answer

The lowest frequency is 35\boxed{35}35​

This matches the stored correct answer.

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