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Magnetics question

2025 · 28 Jan · Shift 2 · Q59
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Magnetics question

2025 · 28 Jan · Shift 2 · Q59

JEE MainPhysicsMagneticsMCQ+4 / −1
JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Evening Shift Physics - Magnetic Effect of Current Question 20 EnglishAn infinite wire has a circular bend of radius a, and carrying a current I as shown in the figure. The magnitude of magnetic field at the origin O of the arc is given by:
  1. A
    μ02πIa[π2+2]\frac{\mu_0}{2 \pi} \frac{\mathrm{I}}{\mathrm{a}}\left[\frac{\pi}{2}+2\right]2πμ0​​aI​[2π​+2]
  2. B
    μ04πIa[3π2+1]\frac{\mu_0}{4 \pi} \frac{\mathrm{I}}{\mathrm{a}}\left[\frac{3 \pi}{2}+1\right]4πμ0​​aI​[23π​+1]
  3. C
    μ04πIa[π2+1]\frac{\mu_0}{4 \pi} \frac{\mathrm{I}}{\mathrm{a}}\left[\frac{\pi}{2}+1\right]4πμ0​​aI​[2π​+1]
  4. D
    μ04πIa[3π2+2]\frac{\mu_0}{4 \pi} \frac{\mathrm{I}}{\mathrm{a}}\left[\frac{3 \pi}{2}+2\right]4πμ0​​aI​[23π​+2]
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Split the wire into parts

    The given conductor consists of:

    • two straight semi-infinite parts,
    • one circular arc of radius aaa centered at OOO.

    We need the magnetic field at the center OOO.

  2. Magnetic field due to the circular arc

    For an arc of angle θ\thetaθ (in radians), the field at the center is Barc=μ0Iθ4πaB_{\text{arc}}=\frac{\mu_0 I\theta}{4\pi a}Barc​=4πaμ0​Iθ​

    From the geometry, the bend is a 3π2\frac{3\pi}{2}23π​ arc (major arc). Hence, Barc=μ0I4πa⋅3π2B_{\text{arc}}=\frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi a}\cdot \frac{3\pi}{2}Barc​=4πaμ0​I​⋅23π​

  3. Magnetic field due to each straight semi-infinite wire

    The magnetic field at a perpendicular distance aaa from a semi-infinite straight wire is Bsemi-inf=μ0I4πaB_{\text{semi-inf}}=\frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi a}Bsemi-inf​=4πaμ0​I​

    There are two such straight parts, so total field from straight portions is Bstraight=2⋅μ0I4πa=μ0I4πa⋅2B_{\text{straight}}=2\cdot \frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi a}=\frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi a}\cdot 2Bstraight​=2⋅4πaμ0​I​=4πaμ0​I​⋅2

  4. Direction of fields

    By the right-hand rule, the field at OOO due to the arc and both straight portions are in the same direction, so they add.

  5. Net magnetic field

    Therefore, B=Barc+BstraightB=B_{\text{arc}}+B_{\text{straight}}B=Barc​+Bstraight​ B=μ0I4πa(3π2+2)B=\frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi a}\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}+2\right)B=4πaμ0​I​(23π​+2)

  6. Match with options

    This corresponds to Option D.

  7. Comparison with stored answer

    Stored correct answer is B: μ04πIa(3π2+1)\frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\frac{I}{a}\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}+1\right)4πμ0​​aI​(23π​+1)

    But the standard result for two semi-infinite straight segments gives contribution 2×μ0I4πa2\times \frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi a}2×4πaμ0​I​, not 1×μ0I4πa1\times \frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi a}1×4πaμ0​I​.

    So the derived answer is D, not B.

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