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Magnetics question

2022 · 29 Jun · Shift 2 · Q51
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Magnetics question

2022 · 29 Jun · Shift 2 · Q51

JEE MainPhysicsMagneticsMCQ+4 / −1
Two long current carrying conductors are placed to each other at a distance of 8 cm between them. The magnitude of magnetic field produced at mid-point between the two conductors due to current flowing in them is 300 μ\muμ T. The equal current flowing in the two conductors is :
  1. A
    30A in the same direction.
  2. B
    30A in the opposite direction.
  3. C
    60A in the opposite direction.
  4. D
    300A in the opposite direction.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Magnetic field due to one long straight conductor

    For a long straight wire carrying current III, the magnetic field at distance rrr is

    B=μ0I2πrB = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}B=2πrμ0​I​
  2. Given data

    • Distance between wires =8 cm=0.08 m= 8\text{ cm} = 0.08\text{ m}=8 cm=0.08 m
    • Midpoint is at distance r=0.082=0.04 mr = \frac{0.08}{2} = 0.04\text{ m}r=20.08​=0.04 m
    • Resultant magnetic field at midpoint Bnet=300 μT=300×10−6 TB_{\text{net}} = 300\,\mu T = 300 \times 10^{-6}\text{ T}Bnet​=300μT=300×10−6 T
  3. Direction of magnetic fields at midpoint

    • If currents are in the same direction, the magnetic fields at the midpoint due to the two wires are in opposite directions, so they cancel.
    • If currents are in opposite directions, the magnetic fields at the midpoint are in the same direction, so they add.

    Since the net field is nonzero, the currents must be in opposite directions.

  4. Field due to one wire at midpoint

    B1=μ0I2πrB_1 = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}B1​=2πrμ0​I​

    Since the two fields add,

    Bnet=2B1=2⋅μ0I2πrB_{\text{net}} = 2B_1 = 2\cdot \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}Bnet​=2B1​=2⋅2πrμ0​I​

    So,

    Bnet=μ0IπrB_{\text{net}} = \frac{\mu_0 I}{\pi r}Bnet​=πrμ0​I​
  5. Substitute values

    Using μ0=4π×10−7\mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7}μ0​=4π×10−7,

    300×10−6=4π×10−7⋅Iπ⋅0.04300 \times 10^{-6} = \frac{4\pi \times 10^{-7} \cdot I}{\pi \cdot 0.04}300×10−6=π⋅0.044π×10−7⋅I​

    Cancel π\piπ:

    300×10−6=4×10−7I0.04300 \times 10^{-6} = \frac{4 \times 10^{-7} I}{0.04}300×10−6=0.044×10−7I​ 300×10−6=100×10−7I=10−5I300 \times 10^{-6} = 100 \times 10^{-7} I = 10^{-5} I300×10−6=100×10−7I=10−5I

    Therefore,

    I=300×10−610−5=30 AI = \frac{300 \times 10^{-6}}{10^{-5}} = 30\text{ A}I=10−5300×10−6​=30 A
  6. Check options

    • A: 303030 A in same direction →\rightarrow→ field at midpoint would cancel, wrong.
    • B: 303030 A in opposite direction →\rightarrow→ correct magnitude and correct direction condition.
    • C: 606060 A in opposite direction →\rightarrow→ gives 600 μT600\,\mu T600μT, wrong.
    • D: 300300300 A in opposite direction →\rightarrow→ much too large, wrong.

Final answer: B. 303030 A in the opposite direction

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