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Magnetics question

2017 · 8 Apr · Shift 1 · Q58
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Magnetics question

2017 · 8 Apr · Shift 1 · Q58

JEE MainPhysicsMagneticsMCQ+4 / −1
A magnetic dipole in a constant magnetic field has :
  1. A
    maximum potential energy when the torque is maximum.
  2. B
    zero potential energy when the torque is minimum.
  3. C
    zero potential energy when the torque is maximum.
  4. D
    minimum potential energy when the torque is maximum.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. For a magnetic dipole of magnetic moment m⃗\vec{m}m placed in a uniform magnetic field B⃗\vec{B}B:

    • Torque magnitude is τ=mBsin⁡θ\tau = mB\sin\thetaτ=mBsinθ where θ\thetaθ is the angle between m⃗\vec{m}m and B⃗\vec{B}B.

    • Potential energy is U=−m⃗⋅B⃗=−mBcos⁡θU = -\vec{m}\cdot\vec{B} = -mB\cos\thetaU=−m⋅B=−mBcosθ

  2. Condition for maximum torque:

    Since τ=mBsin⁡θ\tau = mB\sin\thetaτ=mBsinθ torque is maximum when sin⁡θ=1⇒θ=90∘\sin\theta = 1 \Rightarrow \theta = 90^\circsinθ=1⇒θ=90∘

  3. Potential energy at maximum torque:

    Put θ=90∘\theta = 90^\circθ=90∘ in U=−mBcos⁡θU = -mB\cos\thetaU=−mBcosθ U=−mBcos⁡90∘=0U = -mB\cos 90^\circ = 0U=−mBcos90∘=0

    So, when torque is maximum, potential energy is zero.

  4. Check the options:

    • A: maximum potential energy when torque is maximum. False, because at maximum torque U=0U=0U=0, not maximum.
    • B: zero potential energy when torque is minimum. False, minimum torque occurs at θ=0∘\theta=0^\circθ=0∘ or 180∘180^\circ180∘, where U=−mBU=-mBU=−mB or +mB+mB+mB, not zero.
    • C: zero potential energy when torque is maximum. True.
    • D: minimum potential energy when torque is maximum. False, minimum potential energy is at θ=0∘\theta=0^\circθ=0∘, not where torque is maximum.
  5. Therefore, the correct answer is: C\boxed{\text{C}}C​

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