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Magnetics question

2011 · Shift 0 · Q61
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Magnetics question

2011 · Shift 0 · Q61

JEE MainPhysicsMagneticsMCQ+4 / −1
A current III flows in an infinitely long wire with cross section in the form of a semi-circular ring of radius R.R.R. The magnitude of the magnetic induction along its axis is:
  1. A
    μ0I2π2R{{{\mu _0}I} \over {2{\pi ^2}R}}2π2Rμ0​I​
  2. B
    μ0I2πR{{{\mu _0}I} \over {2\pi R}}2πRμ0​I​
  3. C
    μ0I4πR{{{\mu _0}I} \over {4\pi R}}4πRμ0​I​
  4. D
    μ0Iπ2R{{{\mu _0}I} \over {{\pi ^2}R}}π2Rμ0​I​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Interpret the geometry

The wire is infinitely long, and its cross-section is a semi-circular ring of radius RRR.

This means the conductor consists of many thin long filaments parallel to the axis, distributed uniformly over a semicircular arc of radius RRR.

We need the magnetic field along the axis of the wire, i.e. at the center of this semicircular cross-section.


  1. Magnetic field due to one thin filament

For an infinitely long straight wire carrying current dIdIdI at distance RRR from the axis point,

dB=μ0 dI2πRdB = \frac{\mu_0 \, dI}{2\pi R}dB=2πRμ0​dI​

The direction is tangential around that filament. At the center of the semicircle, only the components perpendicular to the symmetry axis cancel appropriately, while the components along the diameter-bisector add.

Let the filament be at angular position θ\thetaθ on the semicircle. Then the contributing component is

dBnet=dBcos⁡θdB_{\text{net}} = dB \cos\thetadBnet​=dBcosθ

where θ\thetaθ is measured from the symmetry axis of the semicircle.

So,

dBnet=μ0 dI2πRcos⁡θdB_{\text{net}} = \frac{\mu_0 \, dI}{2\pi R}\cos\thetadBnet​=2πRμ0​dI​cosθ


  1. Current distribution over the semicircular ring

Since the current is uniformly distributed over the semicircular arc, current per unit length of arc is

λ=IπR\lambda = \frac{I}{\pi R}λ=πRI​

A small arc element is

dl=R dθdl = R\, d\thetadl=Rdθ

Hence current in this element is

dI=λ dl=IπR(R dθ)=IπdθdI = \lambda \, dl = \frac{I}{\pi R}(R\,d\theta)=\frac{I}{\pi}d\thetadI=λdl=πRI​(Rdθ)=πI​dθ


  1. Integrate over the semicircle

Take the semicircle from −π/2-\pi/2−π/2 to π/2\pi/2π/2.

Then

B=∫dBnet=∫−π/2π/2μ02πR⋅Iπcos⁡θ dθB = \int dB_{\text{net}} = \int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} \frac{\mu_0}{2\pi R}\cdot \frac{I}{\pi}\cos\theta\, d\thetaB=∫dBnet​=∫−π/2π/2​2πRμ0​​⋅πI​cosθdθ

B=μ0I2π2R∫−π/2π/2cos⁡θ dθB = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi^2 R} \int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} \cos\theta\, d\thetaB=2π2Rμ0​I​∫−π/2π/2​cosθdθ

Now,

∫−π/2π/2cos⁡θ dθ=[sin⁡θ]−π/2π/2=1−(−1)=2\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} \cos\theta\, d\theta = \left[\sin\theta\right]_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}=1-(-1)=2∫−π/2π/2​cosθdθ=[sinθ]−π/2π/2​=1−(−1)=2

Therefore,

B=μ0I2π2R⋅2=μ0Iπ2RB = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi^2 R}\cdot 2 = \frac{\mu_0 I}{\pi^2 R}B=2π2Rμ0​I​⋅2=π2Rμ0​I​


  1. Match with options

Thus the magnetic induction along the axis is

μ0Iπ2R\boxed{\frac{\mu_0 I}{\pi^2 R}}π2Rμ0​I​​

This matches Option D.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: D

Derived answer: D

So, the derived answer agrees with the stored answer.

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