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Electromagnetic Induction question

2005 · Shift 0 · Q130
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Electromagnetic Induction question

2005 · Shift 0 · Q130

JEE MainPhysicsElectromagnetic InductionMCQ+4 / −1
A coil of inductance 300mH300mH300mH and resistance 2 Ω2\,\Omega2Ω is connected to a source of voltage 2V2V2V. The current reaches half of its steady state value in
  1. A
    0.1s0.1s0.1s
  2. B
    0.05s0.05s0.05s
  3. C
    0.3s0.3s0.3s
  4. D
    0.15s0.15s0.15s
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Given data

    • Inductance: L=300 mH=0.3 HL = 300\,\text{mH} = 0.3\,\text{H}L=300mH=0.3H
    • Resistance: R=2 ΩR = 2\,\OmegaR=2Ω
    • Voltage: V=2 VV = 2\,\text{V}V=2V
  2. Current growth in an RLRLRL circuit

    When a DC source is connected to an RLRLRL circuit, the current grows as

    i(t)=I0(1−e−t/τ)i(t) = I_0\left(1 - e^{-t/\tau}\right)i(t)=I0​(1−e−t/τ)

    where

    I0=VR,τ=LRI_0 = \frac{V}{R}, \qquad \tau = \frac{L}{R}I0​=RV​,τ=RL​
  3. Find the steady state current

    I0=VR=22=1 AI_0 = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{2}{2} = 1\,\text{A}I0​=RV​=22​=1A

    Half of steady state current is

    I02=0.5 A\frac{I_0}{2} = 0.5\,\text{A}2I0​​=0.5A
  4. Find the time constant

    τ=LR=0.32=0.15 s\tau = \frac{L}{R} = \frac{0.3}{2} = 0.15\,\text{s}τ=RL​=20.3​=0.15s
  5. Use the condition that current is half of steady state value

    i(t)=I02i(t) = \frac{I_0}{2}i(t)=2I0​​

    So,

    I0(1−e−t/τ)=I02I_0\left(1 - e^{-t/\tau}\right) = \frac{I_0}{2}I0​(1−e−t/τ)=2I0​​

    Dividing by I0I_0I0​,

    1−e−t/τ=121 - e^{-t/\tau} = \frac{1}{2}1−e−t/τ=21​ e−t/τ=12e^{-t/\tau} = \frac{1}{2}e−t/τ=21​

    Taking natural log,

    −tτ=ln⁡(12)=−ln⁡2-\frac{t}{\tau} = \ln\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = -\ln 2−τt​=ln(21​)=−ln2 t=τln⁡2t = \tau \ln 2t=τln2
  6. Substitute τ=0.15 s\tau = 0.15\,\text{s}τ=0.15s

    t=0.15ln⁡2t = 0.15 \ln 2t=0.15ln2 t≈0.15×0.693=0.104 st \approx 0.15 \times 0.693 = 0.104\,\text{s}t≈0.15×0.693=0.104s t≈0.1 st \approx 0.1\,\text{s}t≈0.1s
  7. Evaluate options

    • A: 0.1 s0.1\,\text{s}0.1s ✅
    • B: 0.05 s0.05\,\text{s}0.05s ❌
    • C: 0.3 s0.3\,\text{s}0.3s ❌
    • D: 0.15 s0.15\,\text{s}0.15s ❌

Final Answer: Option A.

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