Identify what wave theory of light can explain

The classical wave theory of light successfully explains many optical phenomena such as:

• Reflection
• Refraction
• Diffraction
• Interference
• Polarization

Check each option

A: Refraction of light
Refraction is explained by wave theory using change in speed of light in different media and Huygens' principle.
So, this can be explained by wave theory.

B: Reflection of light
Reflection is also explained by wave theory through wavefront analysis.
So, this can be explained by wave theory.

C: Diffraction of light
Diffraction is one of the strongest evidences for the wave nature of light.
So, this can be explained by wave theory.

D: Compton effect
Compton scattering involves collision of photons with electrons, showing that light carries particle-like momentum: $p = \frac{h}{\lambda}$ The wavelength shift in Compton effect is given by: $\Delta \lambda = \frac{h}{m_e c}(1 - \cos \theta)$ This phenomenon cannot be explained by classical wave theory; it requires the particle nature of light.

Conclusion

The phenomenon that cannot be explained by wave theory of light is: $\boxed{\text{D: Compton effect}}$

Comparison with stored correct answer

Stored correct answer: D
Derived answer: D
Hence, they agree.