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Current Electricity question

2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 2 · Q73
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Current Electricity question

2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 2 · Q73

JEE MainPhysicsCurrent ElectricityNumerical+4 / −1
Two cells of emfs 1 V and 2 V and internal resistances 2Ω2 \Omega2Ω and 1Ω1 \Omega1Ω, respectively, are connected in series with an external resistance of 6Ω6 \Omega6Ω. The total current in the circuit is I1I_1I1​. Now the same two cells in parallel configuration are connected to same external resistance. In this case, the total current drawn is I2\mathrm{I}_2I2​. The value of (I1I2)\left(\frac{\mathrm{I}_1}{\mathrm{I}_2}\right)(I2​I1​​) is x3\frac{x}{3}3x​. The value of xxx is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 4

  1. Current when cells are in series

The two cells are connected in series with the same polarity, so the net emf is Es=1+2=3 VE_s = 1 + 2 = 3\text{ V}Es​=1+2=3 V

Their internal resistances also add: rs=2+1=3Ωr_s = 2 + 1 = 3\Omegars​=2+1=3Ω

External resistance is R=6ΩR = 6\OmegaR=6Ω

So total resistance is Rtotal=R+rs=6+3=9ΩR_{\text{total}} = R + r_s = 6 + 3 = 9\OmegaRtotal​=R+rs​=6+3=9Ω

Hence current I1=EsRtotal=39=13 AI_1 = \frac{E_s}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{3}{9} = \frac{1}{3}\text{ A}I1​=Rtotal​Es​​=93​=31​ A


  1. Current when cells are in parallel

For two cells of emfs E1,E2E_1, E_2E1​,E2​ and internal resistances r1,r2r_1, r_2r1​,r2​ connected in parallel, the equivalent emf is Ep=E1r2+E2r1r1+r2E_p = \frac{E_1r_2 + E_2r_1}{r_1 + r_2}Ep​=r1​+r2​E1​r2​+E2​r1​​

and equivalent internal resistance is rp=r1r2r1+r2r_p = \frac{r_1r_2}{r_1 + r_2}rp​=r1​+r2​r1​r2​​

Here, E1=1 V,r1=2Ω,E2=2 V,r2=1ΩE_1=1\text{ V},\quad r_1=2\Omega,\quad E_2=2\text{ V},\quad r_2=1\OmegaE1​=1 V,r1​=2Ω,E2​=2 V,r2​=1Ω

So, Ep=(1)(1)+(2)(2)2+1=1+43=53 VE_p = \frac{(1)(1) + (2)(2)}{2+1} = \frac{1+4}{3} = \frac{5}{3}\text{ V}Ep​=2+1(1)(1)+(2)(2)​=31+4​=35​ V

and rp=(2)(1)2+1=23Ωr_p = \frac{(2)(1)}{2+1} = \frac{2}{3}\Omegarp​=2+1(2)(1)​=32​Ω

Now this is connected to external resistance 6Ω6\Omega6Ω, so total resistance is Rtotal=6+23=203ΩR_{\text{total}} = 6 + \frac{2}{3} = \frac{20}{3}\OmegaRtotal​=6+32​=320​Ω

Thus, I2=EpRtotal=53203=520=14 AI_2 = \frac{E_p}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{\frac{5}{3}}{\frac{20}{3}} = \frac{5}{20} = \frac{1}{4}\text{ A}I2​=Rtotal​Ep​​=320​35​​=205​=41​ A


  1. Find the ratio

I1I2=1314=43\frac{I_1}{I_2} = \frac{\frac{1}{3}}{\frac{1}{4}} = \frac{4}{3}I2​I1​​=41​31​​=34​

Given, I1I2=x3\frac{I_1}{I_2} = \frac{x}{3}I2​I1​​=3x​

So, x3=43  ⟹  x=4\frac{x}{3} = \frac{4}{3} \implies x=43x​=34​⟹x=4


  1. Final Answer

4\boxed{4}4​

The derived answer matches the stored correct answer.

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