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Current Electricity question

2024 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q77
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Current Electricity question

2024 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q77

JEE MainPhysicsCurrent ElectricityMCQ+4 / −1
An electric toaster has resistance of 60Ω60 \Omega60Ω at room temperature (27∘C)\left(27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)(27∘C). The toaster is connected to a 220 V220 \mathrm{~V}220 V supply. If the current flowing through it reaches 2.75 A2.75 \mathrm{~A}2.75 A, the temperature attained by toaster is around : ( if α=2×10−4\alpha=2 \times 10^{-4}α=2×10−4/∘C^\circ \mathrm{C}∘C)
  1. A
    1235 ∘^\circ∘ C
  2. B
    1667 ∘^\circ∘ C
  3. C
    694 ∘^\circ∘ C
  4. D
    1694 ∘^\circ∘ C
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Find the resistance of the toaster at the final temperature

Given:

  • Initial resistance at 27∘C27^\circ \mathrm{C}27∘C: R0=60 ΩR_0 = 60\,\OmegaR0​=60Ω
  • Supply voltage: V=220 VV = 220\,\mathrm{V}V=220V
  • Current at heated condition: I=2.75 AI = 2.75\,\mathrm{A}I=2.75A

Using Ohm’s law, R=VI=2202.75=80 ΩR = \frac{V}{I} = \frac{220}{2.75} = 80\,\OmegaR=IV​=2.75220​=80Ω

So, at the attained temperature, the resistance becomes R=80 ΩR = 80\,\OmegaR=80Ω

  1. Use the linear temperature dependence of resistance

For small/moderate temperature ranges, resistance varies as R=R0[1+α(T−T0)]R = R_0\left[1+\alpha (T-T_0)\right]R=R0​[1+α(T−T0​)]

Here,

  • R0=60 ΩR_0 = 60\,\OmegaR0​=60Ω
  • T0=27∘CT_0 = 27^\circ \mathrm{C}T0​=27∘C
  • R=80 ΩR = 80\,\OmegaR=80Ω
  • α=2×10−4/∘C\alpha = 2\times 10^{-4}/^\circ\mathrm{C}α=2×10−4/∘C

Substitute: 80=60[1+2×10−4(T−27)]80 = 60\left[1 + 2\times 10^{-4}(T-27)\right]80=60[1+2×10−4(T−27)]

Divide by 606060: 8060=1+2×10−4(T−27)\frac{80}{60} = 1 + 2\times 10^{-4}(T-27)6080​=1+2×10−4(T−27) 43=1+2×10−4(T−27)\frac{4}{3} = 1 + 2\times 10^{-4}(T-27)34​=1+2×10−4(T−27)

So, 13=2×10−4(T−27)\frac{1}{3} = 2\times 10^{-4}(T-27)31​=2×10−4(T−27)

Hence, (T−27)=1/32×10−4=16×10−4=1666.67(T-27)=\frac{1/3}{2\times 10^{-4}}=\frac{1}{6\times 10^{-4}}=1666.67(T−27)=2×10−41/3​=6×10−41​=1666.67

Therefore, T=1666.67+27=1693.67∘CT = 1666.67 + 27 = 1693.67^\circ \mathrm{C}T=1666.67+27=1693.67∘C

So the temperature attained is approximately 1694∘C\boxed{1694^\circ \mathrm{C}}1694∘C​

  1. Check options
  • A: 1235∘C1235^\circ \mathrm{C}1235∘C — incorrect
  • B: 1667∘C1667^\circ \mathrm{C}1667∘C — this is only the temperature rise, not the final temperature
  • C: 694∘C694^\circ \mathrm{C}694∘C — incorrect
  • D: 1694∘C1694^\circ \mathrm{C}1694∘C — correct

Thus, the correct option is D.

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