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Current Electricity question

2019 · 12 Jan · Shift 1 · Q56
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Current Electricity question

2019 · 12 Jan · Shift 1 · Q56

JEE MainPhysicsCurrent ElectricityMCQ+4 / −1
In a meter bridge, the wire of length 1 m has a non-uniform cross-section such that, the variation dRdℓ{{dR} \over {d\ell }}dℓdR​ of its resistance R with length ℓ\ellℓ is dRdℓ∝1ℓ{{dR} \over {d\ell }} \propto {1 \over {\sqrt \ell }}dℓdR​∝ℓ​1​. Two equal resistances are connected as shown in the figure. The galvanometer has zero deflection when the jockey is at point P. What is the length AP ? JEE Main 2019 (Online) 12th January Morning Slot Physics - Current Electricity Question 263 English
  1. A
    0.3 m
  2. B
    0.25 m
  3. C
    0.35 m
  4. D
    0.2 m
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Balance condition in meter bridge

At null deflection, the ratio of the resistances in the two gaps equals the ratio of resistances of the wire segments:

Rleft gapRright gap=RAPRPB\frac{R_{\text{left gap}}}{R_{\text{right gap}}}=\frac{R_{AP}}{R_{PB}}Rright gap​Rleft gap​​=RPB​RAP​​

Since the two resistances connected in the gaps are equal, we have

Rleft gap=Rright gapR_{\text{left gap}}=R_{\text{right gap}}Rleft gap​=Rright gap​

Hence, at balance:

RAP=RPBR_{AP}=R_{PB}RAP​=RPB​

So point PPP divides the wire into two parts of equal resistance, not necessarily equal length because the wire is non-uniform.


  1. Given variation of resistance per unit length

We are told:

dRdℓ∝1ℓ\frac{dR}{d\ell} \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\ell}}dℓdR​∝ℓ​1​

Let

dRdℓ=kℓ\frac{dR}{d\ell}=\frac{k}{\sqrt{\ell}}dℓdR​=ℓ​k​

where kkk is a constant.

Then the resistance from end AAA up to a point at distance xxx is

R(x)=∫0xkℓ dℓR(x)=\int_0^x \frac{k}{\sqrt{\ell}}\, d\ellR(x)=∫0x​ℓ​k​dℓ

R(x)=k∫0xℓ−1/2dℓR(x)=k\int_0^x \ell^{-1/2} d\ellR(x)=k∫0x​ℓ−1/2dℓ

R(x)=k[2ℓ]0x=2kxR(x)=k\left[2\sqrt{\ell}\right]_0^x=2k\sqrt{x}R(x)=k[2ℓ​]0x​=2kx​

So,

RAP=2kxR_{AP}=2k\sqrt{x}RAP​=2kx​

where x=APx=APx=AP.


  1. Resistance of the remaining part PBPBPB

Total wire length is 1 m1\text{ m}1 m, so total resistance is

RAB=2k1=2kR_{AB}=2k\sqrt{1}=2kRAB​=2k1​=2k

Thus resistance of segment PBPBPB is

RPB=RAB−RAP=2k−2kx=2k(1−x)R_{PB}=R_{AB}-R_{AP}=2k-2k\sqrt{x}=2k(1-\sqrt{x})RPB​=RAB​−RAP​=2k−2kx​=2k(1−x​)


  1. Apply balance condition

Since RAP=RPBR_{AP}=R_{PB}RAP​=RPB​,

2kx=2k(1−x)2k\sqrt{x}=2k(1-\sqrt{x})2kx​=2k(1−x​)

Cancel 2k2k2k:

x=1−x\sqrt{x}=1-\sqrt{x}x​=1−x​

2x=12\sqrt{x}=12x​=1

x=12\sqrt{x}=\frac{1}{2}x​=21​

x=14=0.25 mx=\frac{1}{4}=0.25\text{ m}x=41​=0.25 m


  1. Check options

The correct option is:

0.25 m\boxed{0.25\text{ m}}0.25 m​

So, Option B is correct.

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