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Center of Mass question

2024 · 31 Jan · Shift 1 · Q85
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Center of Mass question

2024 · 31 Jan · Shift 1 · Q85

JEE MainPhysicsCenter of MassNumerical+4 / −1
A body starts falling freely from height HHH hits an inclined plane in its path at height hhh. As a result of this perfectly elastic impact, the direction of the velocity of the body becomes horizontal. The value of Hh\frac{H}{h}hH​ for which the body will take the maximum time to reach the ground is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 2

  1. Velocity just before hitting the incline

The body is dropped from rest from height HHH and hits the incline when it has descended to height hhh.

So the vertical distance fallen before impact is H−h.H-h.H−h.

Using v2=2g(H−h),v^2 = 2g(H-h),v2=2g(H−h), we get the speed just before impact: v=2g(H−h).v = \sqrt{2g(H-h)}.v=2g(H−h)​.

Since it was falling freely, this velocity is vertically downward.


  1. Velocity just after impact

The impact is perfectly elastic and we are told that after collision the direction of velocity becomes horizontal.

In a perfectly elastic impact with a fixed smooth plane, the speed remains unchanged, only direction changes appropriately.

Hence just after impact, the body moves horizontally with speed u=2g(H−h).u = \sqrt{2g(H-h)}.u=2g(H−h)​.

Its vertical component just after impact is zero.


  1. Time after impact to reach the ground

At the instant after impact, the body is at height hhh above the ground and has zero vertical velocity.

So its subsequent vertical motion is simply free fall from height hhh starting with zero vertical speed.

Thus, h=12gt2.h = \frac{1}{2}gt^2.h=21​gt2. So the time after impact is t2=2hg.t_2 = \sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}.t2​=g2h​​.


  1. Time before impact

The body falls freely from height HHH to height hhh, i.e. through distance H−hH-hH−h.

Thus, H−h=12gt12,H-h = \frac{1}{2}gt_1^2,H−h=21​gt12​, so t1=2(H−h)g.t_1 = \sqrt{\frac{2(H-h)}{g}}.t1​=g2(H−h)​​.


  1. Total time to reach the ground

Therefore, T=t1+t2=2(H−h)g+2hg.T = t_1 + t_2 = \sqrt{\frac{2(H-h)}{g}} + \sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}.T=t1​+t2​=g2(H−h)​​+g2h​​.

Factor out 2g\sqrt{\frac{2}{g}}g2​​: T=2g(H−h+h).T = \sqrt{\frac{2}{g}}\left(\sqrt{H-h}+\sqrt{h}\right).T=g2​​(H−h​+h​).

We must maximize TTT with respect to hhh for fixed HHH.

So maximize f(h)=H−h+h.f(h)=\sqrt{H-h}+\sqrt{h}.f(h)=H−h​+h​.


  1. Maximization

Differentiate: f′(h)=−12H−h+12h.f'(h)= -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{H-h}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{h}}.f′(h)=−2H−h​1​+2h​1​.

Set f′(h)=0f'(h)=0f′(h)=0: 1h=1H−h.\frac{1}{\sqrt{h}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{H-h}}.h​1​=H−h​1​. Hence, h=H−h\sqrt{h}=\sqrt{H-h}h​=H−h​ which gives h=H−h.h=H-h.h=H−h. So, H=2h.H=2h.H=2h. Therefore, Hh=2.\frac{H}{h}=2.hH​=2.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Our derived answer is 2.\boxed{2}.2​.

This matches the stored correct answer.

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