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Capacitor question

2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 2 · Q58
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  5. /2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 2 · Q58

Capacitor question

2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 2 · Q58

JEE MainPhysicsCapacitorMCQ+4 / −1
Using a battery, a 100 pF capacitor is charged to 60 V and then the battery is removed. After that, a second uncharged capacitor is connected to the first capacitor in parallel. If the final voltage across the second capacitor is 20 V , its capacitance is: (in pF )
  1. A
    600
  2. B
    100
  3. C
    400
  4. D
    200
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Initial charge on the first capacitor

The first capacitor has C1=100 pF,V1=60 V.C_1 = 100\,\text{pF}, \qquad V_1 = 60\,\text{V}.C1​=100pF,V1​=60V.

So its initial charge is Qinitial=C1V1=100×60=6000 pF⋅V.Q_{\text{initial}} = C_1 V_1 = 100\times 60 = 6000\,\text{pF·V}.Qinitial​=C1​V1​=100×60=6000pF⋅V. Since 1 pF⋅V=1 pC1\,\text{pF·V} = 1\,\text{pC}1pF⋅V=1pC, this is Qinitial=6000 pC.Q_{\text{initial}} = 6000\,\text{pC}.Qinitial​=6000pC.

  1. After connecting the second capacitor

The battery is removed, so total charge is conserved.

Let the second capacitor be C2C_2C2​. It is initially uncharged. After connection in parallel, both capacitors have the same final voltage.

Given final voltage across the second capacitor is 20 V20\,\text{V}20V, hence final common voltage is Vf=20 V.V_f = 20\,\text{V}.Vf​=20V.

  1. Apply conservation of charge

Final total charge stored on both capacitors is Qfinal=(C1+C2)Vf.Q_{\text{final}} = (C_1 + C_2)V_f.Qfinal​=(C1​+C2​)Vf​.

Since charge is conserved, Qinitial=Qfinal.Q_{\text{initial}} = Q_{\text{final}}.Qinitial​=Qfinal​. Thus, 100×60=(100+C2)×20.100\times 60 = (100 + C_2)\times 20.100×60=(100+C2​)×20.

  1. Solve for C2C_2C2​

6000=20(100+C2)6000 = 20(100 + C_2)6000=20(100+C2​) 6000=2000+20C26000 = 2000 + 20C_26000=2000+20C2​ 4000=20C24000 = 20C_24000=20C2​ C2=200 pF.C_2 = 200\,\text{pF}.C2​=200pF.

  1. Match with options

The capacitance of the second capacitor is 200 pF.\boxed{200\,\text{pF}}.200pF​.

So the correct option is D.

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