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Atoms and Nuclei question

2020 · 2 Sep · Shift 2 · Q56
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Atoms and Nuclei question

2020 · 2 Sep · Shift 2 · Q56

JEE MainPhysicsAtoms and NucleiMCQ+4 / −1
In a hydrogen atom the electron makes a transition from (n + 1)th level to the nth level. If n >> 1, the frequency of radiation emitted is proportional to :
  1. A
    1n{1 \over n}n1​
  2. B
    1n2{1 \over {{n^2}}}n21​
  3. C
    1n3{1 \over {{n^3}}}n31​
  4. D
    1n4{1 \over {{n^4}}}n41​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Use the Bohr energy formula

    For hydrogen atom, the energy of the nnnth level is En=−13.6n2 eV.E_n = -\frac{13.6}{n^2}\ \text{eV}.En​=−n213.6​ eV.

  2. Energy emitted in transition (n+1)→n(n+1) \to n(n+1)→n

    The emitted photon energy is ΔE=En−En+1.\Delta E = E_n - E_{n+1}.ΔE=En​−En+1​.

    Using the formula, ΔE=−13.6n2−(−13.6(n+1)2)\Delta E = -\frac{13.6}{n^2} - \left(-\frac{13.6}{(n+1)^2}\right)ΔE=−n213.6​−(−(n+1)213.6​) ΔE=13.6(1n2−1(n+1)2).\Delta E = 13.6\left(\frac{1}{n^2} - \frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\right).ΔE=13.6(n21​−(n+1)21​).

  3. Simplify the expression

    = \frac{(n+1)^2 - n^2}{n^2(n+1)^2}$$ $$= \frac{2n+1}{n^2(n+1)^2}.$$ So, $$\Delta E = 13.6\,\frac{2n+1}{n^2(n+1)^2}.$$
  4. Use the condition n≫1n \gg 1n≫1

    For very large nnn, 2n+1≈2n,(n+1)2≈n2.2n+1 \approx 2n, \qquad (n+1)^2 \approx n^2.2n+1≈2n,(n+1)2≈n2.

    Therefore, ΔE∝2nn2⋅n2=2n3.\Delta E \propto \frac{2n}{n^2\cdot n^2} = \frac{2}{n^3}.ΔE∝n2⋅n22n​=n32​.

    Hence, ΔE∝1n3.\Delta E \propto \frac{1}{n^3}.ΔE∝n31​.

  5. Relate energy to frequency

    Since photon energy is ΔE=hν,\Delta E = h\nu,ΔE=hν, frequency ν\nuν is proportional to ΔE\Delta EΔE.

    Therefore, ν∝1n3.\nu \propto \frac{1}{n^3}.ν∝n31​.

  6. Option check

    • A: 1n\dfrac{1}{n}n1​ — incorrect
    • B: 1n2\dfrac{1}{n^2}n21​ — incorrect
    • C: 1n3\dfrac{1}{n^3}n31​ — correct
    • D: 1n4\dfrac{1}{n^4}n41​ — incorrect

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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