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Alternating Current question

2024 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q73
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  5. /2024 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q73

Alternating Current question

2024 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q73

JEE MainPhysicsAlternating CurrentMCQ+4 / −1
In an a.c. circuit, voltage and current are given by: V=100sin⁡(100t)VV=100 \sin (100 t) VV=100sin(100t)V and I=100sin⁡(100t+π3)mAI=100 \sin \left(100 t+\frac{\pi}{3}\right) \mathrm{mA}I=100sin(100t+3π​)mA respectively. The average power dissipated in one cycle is:
  1. A
    5 W
  2. B
    25 W
  3. C
    2.5 W
  4. D
    10 W
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Given expressions

    V=100sin⁡(100t) VV=100\sin(100t)\ \text{V}V=100sin(100t) V I=100sin⁡(100t+π3) mAI=100\sin\left(100t+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\ \text{mA}I=100sin(100t+3π​) mA

    Convert current to ampere: I=0.1sin⁡(100t+π3) AI=0.1\sin\left(100t+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\ \text{A}I=0.1sin(100t+3π​) A

  2. Identify peak values and phase difference

    From the equations: V0=100 V,I0=0.1 AV_0=100\ \text{V},\qquad I_0=0.1\ \text{A}V0​=100 V,I0​=0.1 A

    Phase difference: ϕ=π3\phi=\frac{\pi}{3}ϕ=3π​

  3. Formula for average power in AC

    The average power over one cycle is: Pavg=VrmsIrmscos⁡ϕP_{\text{avg}}=V_{\text{rms}}I_{\text{rms}}\cos\phiPavg​=Vrms​Irms​cosϕ

    where Vrms=V02=1002V_{\text{rms}}=\frac{V_0}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{100}{\sqrt{2}}Vrms​=2​V0​​=2​100​ Irms=I02=0.12I_{\text{rms}}=\frac{I_0}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{0.1}{\sqrt{2}}Irms​=2​I0​​=2​0.1​

  4. Substitute values

    Pavg=(1002)(0.12)cos⁡π3P_{\text{avg}}=\left(\frac{100}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\left(\frac{0.1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\cos\frac{\pi}{3}Pavg​=(2​100​)(2​0.1​)cos3π​

    Since cos⁡π3=12\cos\frac{\pi}{3}=\frac{1}{2}cos3π​=21​

    and (1002)(0.12)=102=5\left(\frac{100}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\left(\frac{0.1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)=\frac{10}{2}=5(2​100​)(2​0.1​)=210​=5

    so, Pavg=5×12=2.5 WP_{\text{avg}}=5\times \frac{1}{2}=2.5\ \text{W}Pavg​=5×21​=2.5 W

  5. Check with options

    2.5 W2.5\ \text{W}2.5 W corresponds to Option C.

  6. Comparison with stored answer

    Stored correct answer: C

    Derived answer: C

    So they agree.

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