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Sequences and Series question

2025 · 4 Apr · Shift 1 · Q28
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Sequences and Series question

2025 · 4 Apr · Shift 1 · Q28

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesMCQ+4 / −1
Let A={1,6,11,16,…}A=\{1,6,11,16, \ldots\}A={1,6,11,16,…} and B={9,16,23,30,…}B=\{9,16,23,30, \ldots\}B={9,16,23,30,…} be the sets consisting of the first 2025 terms of two arithmetic progressions. Then n(A∪B)n(A \cup B)n(A∪B) is
  1. A
    3814
  2. B
    4003
  3. C
    4027
  4. D
    3761
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Write the two arithmetic progressions explicitly

    • Set AAA consists of the first 202520252025 terms of the AP 1,6,11,16,…1,6,11,16,\ldots1,6,11,16,… with first term a1=1a_1=1a1​=1 and common difference d1=5d_1=5d1​=5.

      So A={1+5k∣k=0,1,2,…,2024}.A=\{1+5k\mid k=0,1,2,\ldots,2024\}.A={1+5k∣k=0,1,2,…,2024}.

    • Set BBB consists of the first 202520252025 terms of the AP 9,16,23,30,…9,16,23,30,\ldots9,16,23,30,… with first term b1=9b_1=9b1​=9 and common difference d2=7d_2=7d2​=7.

      So B={9+7m∣m=0,1,2,…,2024}.B=\{9+7m\mid m=0,1,2,\ldots,2024\}.B={9+7m∣m=0,1,2,…,2024}.

  2. Use inclusion-exclusion

    We need n(A∪B)=n(A)+n(B)−n(A∩B).n(A\cup B)=n(A)+n(B)-n(A\cap B).n(A∪B)=n(A)+n(B)−n(A∩B).

    Since each set has 202520252025 elements, n(A∪B)=2025+2025−n(A∩B)=4050−n(A∩B).n(A\cup B)=2025+2025-n(A\cap B)=4050-n(A\cap B).n(A∪B)=2025+2025−n(A∩B)=4050−n(A∩B).

    So the main task is to find n(A∩B)n(A\cap B)n(A∩B).

  3. Find common terms of the two APs

    A number common to both sets must satisfy x≡1(mod5)x\equiv 1\pmod{5}x≡1(mod5) and x≡9(mod7).x\equiv 9\pmod{7}.x≡9(mod7).

    Since 9≡2(mod7)9\equiv 2\pmod{7}9≡2(mod7), this is x≡1(mod5),x≡2(mod7).x\equiv 1\pmod{5},\qquad x\equiv 2\pmod{7}.x≡1(mod5),x≡2(mod7).

    Let us solve this congruence.

    Write x=1+5k.x=1+5k.x=1+5k. Then 1+5k≡2(mod7)1+5k\equiv 2\pmod{7}1+5k≡2(mod7) 5k≡1(mod7).5k\equiv 1\pmod{7}.5k≡1(mod7).

    Since the inverse of 555 modulo 777 is 333 (because 5⋅3=15≡1(mod7)5\cdot 3=15\equiv 1\pmod{7}5⋅3=15≡1(mod7)), we get k≡3(mod7).k\equiv 3\pmod{7}.k≡3(mod7).

    So k=3+7tk=3+7tk=3+7t and hence x=1+5(3+7t)=16+35t.x=1+5(3+7t)=16+35t.x=1+5(3+7t)=16+35t.

    Therefore the common terms form an AP: A∩B={16,51,86,121,…}A\cap B=\{16,51,86,121,\ldots\}A∩B={16,51,86,121,…} with common difference 353535.

  4. Count how many common terms lie in both first 2025 terms

    Since both sets are truncated to their first 202520252025 terms, a common term must not exceed the last term of either AP.

    • Last term of AAA: 1+(2025−1)⋅5=1+2024⋅5=1+10120=10121.1+(2025-1)\cdot 5=1+2024\cdot 5=1+10120=10121.1+(2025−1)⋅5=1+2024⋅5=1+10120=10121.

    • Last term of BBB: 9+(2025−1)⋅7=9+2024⋅7=9+14168=14177.9+(2025-1)\cdot 7=9+2024\cdot 7=9+14168=14177.9+(2025−1)⋅7=9+2024⋅7=9+14168=14177.

    So a common term must be at most 101211012110121 (the smaller upper bound).

    Thus we count terms of 16+35t≤10121.16+35t\le 10121.16+35t≤10121.

    Solve: 35t≤10121−16=1010535t\le 10121-16=1010535t≤10121−16=10105 t≤1010535=288.714…t\le \frac{10105}{35}=288.714\ldotst≤3510105​=288.714…

    Hence t=0,1,2,…,288.t=0,1,2,\ldots,288.t=0,1,2,…,288.

    Number of such integers is 288−0+1=289.288-0+1=289.288−0+1=289.

    Therefore, n(A∩B)=289.n(A\cap B)=289.n(A∩B)=289.

  5. Apply inclusion-exclusion

    n(A∪B)=4050−289=3761.n(A\cup B)=4050-289=3761.n(A∪B)=4050−289=3761.

  6. Check options

    • A: 381438143814 ❌
    • B: 400340034003 ❌
    • C: 402740274027 ❌
    • D: 376137613761 ✅

Therefore, the correct answer is 3761.\boxed{3761}.3761​.

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