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Sequences and Series question

2025 · 22 Jan · Shift 1 · Q38
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  5. /2025 · 22 Jan · Shift 1 · Q38

Sequences and Series question

2025 · 22 Jan · Shift 1 · Q38

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesMCQ+4 / −1
Let a1,a2,a3,…a_1, a_2, a_3, \ldotsa1​,a2​,a3​,… be a G.P. of increasing positive terms. If a1a5=28a_1 a_5=28a1​a5​=28 and a2+a4=29a_2+a_4=29a2​+a4​=29, then a6a_6a6​ is equal to:
  1. A
    812
  2. B
    784
  3. C
    628
  4. D
    526
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Let the G.P. be a1=a, a2=ar, a3=ar2, a4=ar3, a5=ar4, a6=ar5a_1=a,\, a_2=ar,\, a_3=ar^2,\, a_4=ar^3,\, a_5=ar^4,\, a_6=ar^5a1​=a,a2​=ar,a3​=ar2,a4​=ar3,a5​=ar4,a6​=ar5 where, since the terms are increasing and positive, we have a>0, r>1.a>0,\, r>1.a>0,r>1.

  2. Use the condition a1a5=28a_1a_5=28a1​a5​=28: a⋅ar4=28a\cdot ar^4=28a⋅ar4=28 a2r4=28a^2r^4=28a2r4=28 (ar2)2=28\left(ar^2\right)^2=28(ar2)2=28 Hence, ar2=28=27ar^2=\sqrt{28}=2\sqrt{7}ar2=28​=27​ since all terms are positive.

  3. Use the condition a2+a4=29a_2+a_4=29a2​+a4​=29: ar+ar3=29ar+ar^3=29ar+ar3=29 ar(1+r2)=29ar(1+r^2)=29ar(1+r2)=29

  4. Write this in terms of ar2ar^2ar2: ar+ar3=ar(1+r2)=ar2r(1+r2)=ar2(r+1r)ar+ar^3=ar\left(1+r^2\right)=\frac{ar^2}{r}(1+r^2)=ar^2\left(r+\frac{1}{r}\right)ar+ar3=ar(1+r2)=rar2​(1+r2)=ar2(r+r1​) So, ar2(r+1r)=29ar^2\left(r+\frac{1}{r}\right)=29ar2(r+r1​)=29 27(r+1r)=292\sqrt{7}\left(r+\frac{1}{r}\right)=2927​(r+r1​)=29 r+1r=2927r+\frac{1}{r}=\frac{29}{2\sqrt{7}}r+r1​=27​29​

  5. Observe that 2927=28+127=72+127=7+17\frac{29}{2\sqrt{7}}=\frac{28+1}{2\sqrt{7}}=\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{7}}=\sqrt{7}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}27​29​=27​28+1​=27​​+27​1​=7​+7​1​ Hence, r+1r=7+17r+\frac{1}{r}=\sqrt{7}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}r+r1​=7​+7​1​ Since r>1r>1r>1, we get r=7.r=\sqrt{7}.r=7​.

  6. Now find aaa using ar2=27ar^2=2\sqrt{7}ar2=27​: a⋅7=27a\cdot 7=2\sqrt{7}a⋅7=27​ a=277.a=\frac{2\sqrt{7}}{7}.a=727​​.

  7. Compute a6=ar5a_6=ar^5a6​=ar5: a6=a(7)5=a⋅497a_6=a(\sqrt{7})^5=a\cdot 49\sqrt{7}a6​=a(7​)5=a⋅497​ a6=277⋅497a_6=\frac{2\sqrt{7}}{7}\cdot 49\sqrt{7}a6​=727​​⋅497​ a6=2⋅7⋅7=98.a_6=2\cdot 7\cdot 7=98.a6​=2⋅7⋅7=98.

  8. Check quickly: a1a5=a⋅ar4=(ar2)2=(27)2=28,a_1a_5=a\cdot ar^4=(ar^2)^2=(2\sqrt{7})^2=28,a1​a5​=a⋅ar4=(ar2)2=(27​)2=28, a2+a4=ar+ar3=ar(1+r2)=277⋅7⋅8=2⋅8+?a_2+a_4=ar+ar^3=ar(1+r^2)=\frac{2\sqrt{7}}{7}\cdot \sqrt{7}\cdot 8=2\cdot 8+?a2​+a4​=ar+ar3=ar(1+r2)=727​​⋅7​⋅8=2⋅8+? More directly, a2=ar=2,a4=ar3=14,a_2=ar=2,\quad a_4=ar^3=14,a2​=ar=2,a4​=ar3=14, so actually with r=7r=\sqrt7r=7​ and a=277a=\frac{2\sqrt7}{7}a=727​​, a2=277⋅7=2,a_2=\frac{2\sqrt7}{7}\cdot \sqrt7=2,a2​=727​​⋅7​=2, a4=277⋅77=14,a_4=\frac{2\sqrt7}{7}\cdot 7\sqrt7=14,a4​=727​​⋅77​=14, giving a2+a4=16,a_2+a_4=16,a2​+a4​=16, which does not satisfy the given condition 292929.

    So the identification in Step 5 was incorrect. Let us solve properly.

  9. From ar2=27ar^2=2\sqrt7ar2=27​ and ar+ar3=29,ar+ar^3=29,ar+ar3=29, divide the second by the first: ar+ar3ar2=2927\frac{ar+ar^3}{ar^2}=\frac{29}{2\sqrt7}ar2ar+ar3​=27​29​ 1r+r=2927.\frac{1}{r}+r=\frac{29}{2\sqrt7}.r1​+r=27​29​. So rrr satisfies r+1r=2927.r+\frac1r=\frac{29}{2\sqrt7}.r+r1​=27​29​. Multiply by rrr: r2−2927r+1=0.r^2-\frac{29}{2\sqrt7}r+1=0.r2−27​29​r+1=0.

  10. We need a6=ar5=(ar2)r3=27 r3a_6=ar^5=(ar^2)r^3=2\sqrt7\,r^3a6​=ar5=(ar2)r3=27​r3.

    Instead of solving for irrational rrr directly, note (r+1r)2=r2+2+1r2.\left(r+\frac1r\right)^2=r^2+2+\frac1{r^2}.(r+r1​)2=r2+2+r21​. Let s=r+1r=2927.s=r+\frac1r=\frac{29}{2\sqrt7}.s=r+r1​=27​29​. Then r^2+\frac1{r^2}=s^2-2= rac{841}{28}-2=\frac{785}{28}.

  11. Since r>1r>1r>1, take the larger root of r2−sr+1=0.r^2-sr+1=0.r2−sr+1=0. But checking the options, it is clear a6a_6a6​ should likely be much larger than 98 only if there is a typo in interpretation. Let us derive directly using another substitution.

  12. Let x=a2=ar,y=a4=ar3.x=a_2=ar,\quad y=a_4=ar^3.x=a2​=ar,y=a4​=ar3. Then because it is a G.P., a32=a2a4=xy.a_3^2=a_2a_4=xy.a32​=a2​a4​=xy. Also, a1a5=a32=28.a_1a_5=a_3^2=28.a1​a5​=a32​=28. Hence, xy=28.xy=28.xy=28. And given, x+y=29.x+y=29.x+y=29.

  13. So x,yx,yx,y are roots of t2−29t+28=0.t^2-29t+28=0.t2−29t+28=0. Factorizing, t2−29t+28=(t−1)(t−28)=0.t^2-29t+28=(t-1)(t-28)=0.t2−29t+28=(t−1)(t−28)=0. Thus, {x,y}={1,28}.\{x,y\}=\{1,28\}.{x,y}={1,28}.

  14. Since the G.P. has increasing positive terms, we must have a2<a4,a_2<a_4,a2​<a4​, so a2=1,a4=28.a_2=1,\quad a_4=28.a2​=1,a4​=28.

  15. Then the common ratio satisfies a4a2=r2=281=28.\frac{a_4}{a_2}=r^2=\frac{28}{1}=28.a2​a4​​=r2=128​=28. Thus, r=28=27r=\sqrt{28}=2\sqrt7r=28​=27​ (positive and >1>1>1).

  16. Now a6=a4⋅r2=28⋅28=784.a_6=a_4\cdot r^2=28\cdot 28=784.a6​=a4​⋅r2=28⋅28=784.

Therefore, the correct answer is 784\boxed{784}784​ which corresponds to Option B.

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