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Sequences and Series question

2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 2 · Q23
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Sequences and Series question

2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 2 · Q23

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesMCQ+4 / −1
Let a,b,ca, b, ca,b,c and ddd be positive real numbers such that a+b+c+d=11a+b+c+d=11a+b+c+d=11. If the maximum value of a5b3c2da^{5} b^{3} c^{2} da5b3c2d is 3750β3750 \beta3750β, then the value of β\betaβ is
  1. A
    110
  2. B
    108
  3. C
    90
  4. D
    55
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. We need to maximize P=a5b3c2dP=a^5b^3c^2dP=a5b3c2d subject to a+b+c+d=11,a+b+c+d=11,a+b+c+d=11, where a,b,c,d>0a,b,c,d>0a,b,c,d>0.

  2. Use the weighted AM-GM inequality.

Notice that the total exponent sum is 5+3+2+1=11.5+3+2+1=11.5+3+2+1=11. So write 5a+3b+2c+d11≥a5b3c2d11.\frac{5a+3b+2c+d}{11} \ge \sqrt[11]{a^5b^3c^2d}.115a+3b+2c+d​≥11a5b3c2d​.

Since 5a+3b+2c+d≠a+b+c+d,5a+3b+2c+d \neq a+b+c+d,5a+3b+2c+d=a+b+c+d, this form is not directly useful. Instead, for a fixed sum a+b+c+d=11a+b+c+d=11a+b+c+d=11, the standard result for maximizing aαbβcγdδa^{\alpha}b^{\beta}c^{\gamma}d^{\delta}aαbβcγdδ with positive variables and fixed sum says the maximum occurs when a:b:c:d=α:β:γ:δ=5:3:2:1.a:b:c:d=\alpha:\beta:\gamma:\delta=5:3:2:1.a:b:c:d=α:β:γ:δ=5:3:2:1.

  1. Let a=5k,b=3k,c=2k,d=k.a=5k,\quad b=3k,\quad c=2k,\quad d=k.a=5k,b=3k,c=2k,d=k. Then a+b+c+d=5k+3k+2k+k=11k=11,a+b+c+d=5k+3k+2k+k=11k=11,a+b+c+d=5k+3k+2k+k=11k=11, so k=1.k=1.k=1. Hence, a=5,b=3,c=2,d=1.a=5,\quad b=3,\quad c=2,\quad d=1.a=5,b=3,c=2,d=1.

  2. Now compute the maximum value: Pmax⁡=55⋅33⋅22⋅1.P_{\max}=5^5\cdot 3^3\cdot 2^2\cdot 1.Pmax​=55⋅33⋅22⋅1. Calculate step by step: 55=3125,33=27,22=4.5^5=3125,\quad 3^3=27,\quad 2^2=4.55=3125,33=27,22=4. Thus Pmax⁡=3125⋅27⋅4.P_{\max}=3125\cdot 27\cdot 4.Pmax​=3125⋅27⋅4. First, 27⋅4=108,27\cdot 4=108,27⋅4=108, so Pmax⁡=3125⋅108.P_{\max}=3125\cdot 108.Pmax​=3125⋅108. Since the question says this maximum value is 3750β,3750\beta,3750β, we get 3750β=3125⋅108.3750\beta=3125\cdot 108.3750β=3125⋅108. Therefore, β=3125⋅1083750.\beta=\frac{3125\cdot 108}{3750}.β=37503125⋅108​. Now, 31253750=56,\frac{3125}{3750}=\frac{5}{6},37503125​=65​, so β=108⋅56=90.\beta=108\cdot \frac{5}{6}=90.β=108⋅65​=90.

  3. Therefore, β=90.\boxed{\beta=90}.β=90​. So the correct option is C.

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