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Sequences and Series question

2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q34
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  5. /2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q34

Sequences and Series question

2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q34

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesMCQ+4 / −1
For three positive integers p, q, r, xpq2=yqr=zp2r{x^{p{q^2}}} = {y^{qr}} = {z^{{p^2}r}}xpq2=yqr=zp2r and r = pq + 1 such that 3, 3 log yx_yxy​x, 3 log zy_zyz​y, 7 log xz_xzx​z are in A.P. with common difference 12\frac{1}{2}21​. Then r-p-q is equal to
  1. A
    12
  2. B
    −-− 6
  3. C
    6
  4. D
    2
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

Let xpq2=yqr=zp2rx^{pq^2}=y^{qr}=z^{p^2r}xpq2=yqr=zp2r and r=pq+1,r=pq+1,r=pq+1, where p,q,rp,q,rp,q,r are positive integers.

Also, 3, 3log⁡yx, 3log⁡zy, 7log⁡xz3,\, 3\log_y x,\, 3\log_z y,\, 7\log_x z3,3logy​x,3logz​y,7logx​z are in A.P. with common difference 12\frac1221​.

We solve step by step.


1. Use the A.P. condition

Since the four numbers are in A.P. with first term 333 and common difference 12\frac1221​,

3log⁡yx=3+12=72,3\log_y x = 3+\frac12=\frac72,3logy​x=3+21​=27​, 3log⁡zy=3+2⋅12=4,3\log_z y = 3+2\cdot\frac12=4,3logz​y=3+2⋅21​=4, 7log⁡xz=3+3⋅12=92.7\log_x z = 3+3\cdot\frac12=\frac92.7logx​z=3+3⋅21​=29​.

Hence, log⁡yx=76,\log_y x=\frac76,logy​x=67​, log⁡zy=43,\log_z y=\frac43,logz​y=34​, log⁡xz=914.\log_x z=\frac{9}{14}.logx​z=149​.


2. Convert these logarithms into relations among x,y,zx,y,zx,y,z

From log⁡yx=76,\log_y x=\frac76,logy​x=67​, we get x=y7/6.x=y^{7/6}.x=y7/6.

From log⁡zy=43,\log_z y=\frac43,logz​y=34​, we get y=z4/3.y=z^{4/3}.y=z4/3.

From log⁡xz=914,\log_x z=\frac{9}{14},logx​z=149​, we get z=x9/14.z=x^{9/14}.z=x9/14.

These are consistent, since x=y7/6=(z4/3)7/6=z14/9,x=y^{7/6}=(z^{4/3})^{7/6}=z^{14/9},x=y7/6=(z4/3)7/6=z14/9, so indeed z=x9/14.z=x^{9/14}.z=x9/14.


3. Use the given equal powers

Let xpq2=yqr=zp2r=k.x^{pq^2}=y^{qr}=z^{p^2r}=k.xpq2=yqr=zp2r=k.

Take logs in a convenient way using the known logarithmic relations.

From xpq2=yqrx^{pq^2}=y^{qr}xpq2=yqr

Since x=y7/6x=y^{7/6}x=y7/6, (y7/6)pq2=yqr.(y^{7/6})^{pq^2}=y^{qr}.(y7/6)pq2=yqr. Thus, 76pq2=qr.\frac76 pq^2=qr.67​pq2=qr. Since q>0q>0q>0, 76pq=r.\frac76 pq=r.67​pq=r. So, r=76pq.(1)r=\frac76 pq. \qquad (1)r=67​pq.(1)

From yqr=zp2ry^{qr}=z^{p^2r}yqr=zp2r

Since y=z4/3y=z^{4/3}y=z4/3, (z4/3)qr=zp2r.(z^{4/3})^{qr}=z^{p^2r}.(z4/3)qr=zp2r. Thus, 43qr=p2r.\frac43 qr=p^2r.34​qr=p2r. Since r>0r>0r>0, 43q=p2.(2)\frac43 q=p^2. \qquad (2)34​q=p2.(2)


4. Use r=pq+1r=pq+1r=pq+1

From (1), r=76pq.r=\frac76 pq.r=67​pq. But also given, r=pq+1.r=pq+1.r=pq+1. Therefore, 76pq=pq+1.\frac76 pq=pq+1.67​pq=pq+1. So, (76−1)pq=1\left(\frac76-1\right)pq=1(67​−1)pq=1 16pq=1\frac16 pq=161​pq=1 pq=6.pq=6.pq=6.

Then r=pq+1=7.r=pq+1=7.r=pq+1=7.


5. Find ppp and qqq

From (2), p2=43q.p^2=\frac43 q.p2=34​q. Since pq=6pq=6pq=6, we test factor pairs of 666:

  • (p,q)=(1,6)(p,q)=(1,6)(p,q)=(1,6) gives p2=1p^2=1p2=1, 43q=8\frac43 q=834​q=8 ❌
  • (p,q)=(2,3)(p,q)=(2,3)(p,q)=(2,3) gives p2=4p^2=4p2=4, 43q=4\frac43 q=434​q=4 ✅
  • (p,q)=(3,2)(p,q)=(3,2)(p,q)=(3,2) gives p2=9p^2=9p2=9, 43q=83\frac43 q=\frac8334​q=38​ ❌
  • (p,q)=(6,1)(p,q)=(6,1)(p,q)=(6,1) gives p2=36p^2=36p2=36, 43q=43\frac43 q=\frac4334​q=34​ ❌

Hence, p=2,q=3,r=7.p=2,\quad q=3,\quad r=7.p=2,q=3,r=7.


6. Compute r−p−qr-p-qr−p−q

r−p−q=7−2−3=2.r-p-q=7-2-3=2.r−p−q=7−2−3=2.


7. Compare with the stored answer

Derived answer is: 2\boxed{2}2​ This matches option D.

So the stored correct answer is consistent.

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