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Sequences and Series question

2021 · 27 Jul · Shift 1 · Q41
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Sequences and Series question

2021 · 27 Jul · Shift 1 · Q41

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesNumerical+4 / −1
If log⁡32,log⁡3(2x−5),log⁡3(2x−72){\log _3}2,{\log _3}({2^x} - 5),{\log _3}\left( {{2^x} - {7 \over 2}} \right)log3​2,log3​(2x−5),log3​(2x−27​) are in an arithmetic progression, then the value of x is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 3

  1. Let a=log⁡32,b=log⁡3(2x−5),c=log⁡3(2x−72).a=\log_3 2,\quad b=\log_3(2^x-5),\quad c=\log_3\left(2^x-\frac72\right).a=log3​2,b=log3​(2x−5),c=log3​(2x−27​).

    Since these are in arithmetic progression, the middle term is the average of the other two: 2b=a+c.2b=a+c.2b=a+c.

  2. Substitute the logarithms: 2log⁡3(2x−5)=log⁡32+log⁡3(2x−72).2\log_3(2^x-5)=\log_3 2+\log_3\left(2^x-\frac72\right).2log3​(2x−5)=log3​2+log3​(2x−27​).

  3. Use log properties: log⁡3(2x−5)2=log⁡3[2(2x−72)].\log_3(2^x-5)^2=\log_3\left[2\left(2^x-\frac72\right)\right].log3​(2x−5)2=log3​[2(2x−27​)].

    Hence, (2x−5)2=2(2x−72)=2x+1−7.(2^x-5)^2=2\left(2^x-\frac72\right)=2^{x+1}-7.(2x−5)2=2(2x−27​)=2x+1−7.

  4. Let y=2x.y=2^x.y=2x. Then the equation becomes (y−5)2=2y−7.(y-5)^2=2y-7.(y−5)2=2y−7.

    Expanding, y2−10y+25=2y−7.y^2-10y+25=2y-7.y2−10y+25=2y−7. y2−12y+32=0.y^2-12y+32=0.y2−12y+32=0.

  5. Factorize: (y−4)(y−8)=0.(y-4)(y-8)=0.(y−4)(y−8)=0. So, y=4ory=8.y=4\quad \text{or} \quad y=8.y=4ory=8.

  6. Now check domain restrictions of the logarithms:

    • 2x−5>0⇒y>52^x-5>0 \Rightarrow y>52x−5>0⇒y>5
    • 2x−72>0⇒y>722^x-\frac72>0 \Rightarrow y>\frac722x−27​>0⇒y>27​

    So we must have y>5y>5y>5. Thus y=4y=4y=4 is invalid, and only y=8y=8y=8 is valid.

  7. Therefore, 2x=8=23⇒x=3.2^x=8=2^3 \Rightarrow x=3.2x=8=23⇒x=3.

So the required integer value is 333.

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