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Sequences and Series question

2019 · 11 Jan · Shift 2 · Q21
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Sequences and Series question

2019 · 11 Jan · Shift 2 · Q21

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesMCQ+4 / −1
Let x, y be positive real numbers and m, n positive integers. The maximum value of the expression xmyn(1+x2m)(1+y2n){{{x^m}{y^n}} \over {\left( {1 + {x^{2m}}} \right)\left( {1 + {y^{2n}}} \right)}}(1+x2m)(1+y2n)xmyn​ is :
  1. A
    12{1 \over 2}21​
  2. B
    14{1 \over 4}41​
  3. C
    m+n6mn{{m + n} \over {6mn}}6mnm+n​
  4. D
    1
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Rewrite the expression

Let a=xm,b=yn.a = x^m, \qquad b = y^n.a=xm,b=yn. Since x,y>0x,y>0x,y>0 and m,nm,nm,n are positive integers, we have a,b>0a,b>0a,b>0.

Then the given expression becomes E=xmyn(1+x2m)(1+y2n)=ab(1+a2)(1+b2).E=\frac{x^m y^n}{(1+x^{2m})(1+y^{2n})}=\frac{ab}{(1+a^2)(1+b^2)}.E=(1+x2m)(1+y2n)xmyn​=(1+a2)(1+b2)ab​.

So the problem reduces to finding the maximum of E(a,b)=ab(1+a2)(1+b2),a,b>0.E(a,b)=\frac{ab}{(1+a^2)(1+b^2)}, \qquad a,b>0.E(a,b)=(1+a2)(1+b2)ab​,a,b>0.


  1. Factor the expression

Observe that E=a1+a2⋅b1+b2.E=\frac{a}{1+a^2}\cdot \frac{b}{1+b^2}.E=1+a2a​⋅1+b2b​.

Thus we only need the maximum of the single-variable function f(t)=t1+t2,t>0.f(t)=\frac{t}{1+t^2}, \qquad t>0.f(t)=1+t2t​,t>0.


  1. Find the maximum of f(t)f(t)f(t)

Using the identity 1+t2≥2t1+t^2 \ge 2t1+t2≥2t for all t>0t>0t>0 (from AM-GM), we get t1+t2≤t2t=12.\frac{t}{1+t^2} \le \frac{t}{2t}=\frac12.1+t2t​≤2tt​=21​.

Equality holds when 1+t2=2t  ⟺  (t−1)2=0  ⟺  t=1.1+t^2=2t \iff (t-1)^2=0 \iff t=1.1+t2=2t⟺(t−1)2=0⟺t=1.

Hence, max⁡t>0t1+t2=12.\max_{t>0} \frac{t}{1+t^2} = \frac12.maxt>0​1+t2t​=21​.


  1. Apply this to both factors

Therefore, E=a1+a2⋅b1+b2≤12⋅12=14.E=\frac{a}{1+a^2}\cdot \frac{b}{1+b^2} \le \frac12\cdot\frac12=\frac14.E=1+a2a​⋅1+b2b​≤21​⋅21​=41​.

Equality holds when a=1,b=1.a=1, \quad b=1.a=1,b=1. That is, xm=1,yn=1.x^m=1, \quad y^n=1.xm=1,yn=1. Since x,y>0x,y>0x,y>0, this gives x=1,y=1.x=1, \quad y=1.x=1,y=1.


  1. Maximum value

So the maximum value is 14.\boxed{\frac14}. 41​​.


  1. Check options
  • A: 12\frac1221​ ❌
  • B: 14\frac1441​ ✅
  • C: m+n6mn\frac{m+n}{6mn}6mnm+n​ ❌
  • D: 111 ❌

Thus the correct option is B.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: B

Our derived answer: B

They agree.

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