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Sequences and Series question

2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 2 · Q29
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Sequences and Series question

2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 2 · Q29

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesMCQ+4 / −1
Let a1, a2, a3,......be an A.P. with a6 = 2. Then the common difference of this A.P., which maximises the product a1a4a5, is :
  1. A
    32{3 \over 2}23​
  2. B
    65{6 \over 5}56​
  3. C
    85{8 \over 5}58​
  4. D
    23{2 \over 3}32​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Let the A.P. have first term aaa and common difference ddd.

    Then an=a+(n−1)da_n=a+(n-1)dan​=a+(n−1)d

  2. Given a6=2a_6=2a6​=2: a+5d=2a+5d=2a+5d=2 so a=2−5da=2-5da=2−5d

  3. Now compute the required terms: a1=a=2−5da_1=a=2-5da1​=a=2−5d a4=a+3d=(2−5d)+3d=2−2da_4=a+3d=(2-5d)+3d=2-2da4​=a+3d=(2−5d)+3d=2−2d a5=a+4d=(2−5d)+4d=2−da_5=a+4d=(2-5d)+4d=2-da5​=a+4d=(2−5d)+4d=2−d

  4. Hence the product to be maximised is P=a1a4a5=(2−5d)(2−2d)(2−d)P=a_1a_4a_5=(2-5d)(2-2d)(2-d)P=a1​a4​a5​=(2−5d)(2−2d)(2−d)

  5. Expand this cubic: First, (2−2d)(2−d)=4−6d+2d2(2-2d)(2-d)=4-6d+2d^2(2−2d)(2−d)=4−6d+2d2 so P=(2−5d)(4−6d+2d2)P=(2-5d)(4-6d+2d^2)P=(2−5d)(4−6d+2d2) P=8−12d+4d2−20d+30d2−10d3P=8-12d+4d^2-20d+30d^2-10d^3P=8−12d+4d2−20d+30d2−10d3 P=8−32d+34d2−10d3P=8-32d+34d^2-10d^3P=8−32d+34d2−10d3

  6. Differentiate to find critical points: P′(d)=−32+68d−30d2P'(d)=-32+68d-30d^2P′(d)=−32+68d−30d2 P′(d)=0Rightarrow−32+68d−30d2=0P'(d)=0 \\Rightarrow -32+68d-30d^2=0P′(d)=0Rightarrow−32+68d−30d2=0 30d2−68d+32=030d^2-68d+32=030d2−68d+32=0 15d2−34d+16=015d^2-34d+16=015d2−34d+16=0

  7. Solve the quadratic: d=34±342−4⋅15⋅1630d=\frac{34\pm\sqrt{34^2-4\cdot 15\cdot 16}}{30}d=3034±342−4⋅15⋅16​​ =34±1156−96030=\frac{34\pm\sqrt{1156-960}}{30}=3034±1156−960​​ =34±1430=\frac{34\pm 14}{30}=3034±14​

    Therefore, d=4830=85d=\frac{48}{30}=\frac{8}{5}d=3048​=58​ or d=2030=23d=\frac{20}{30}=\frac{2}{3}d=3020​=32​

  8. Use the second derivative test: P′′(d)=68−60dP''(d)=68-60dP′′(d)=68−60d

    For d=85d=\frac{8}{5}d=58​: P′′(85)=68−96=−28<0P''\left(\frac{8}{5}\right)=68-96=-28<0P′′(58​)=68−96=−28<0 so this gives a local maximum.

    For d=23d=\frac{2}{3}d=32​: P′′(23)=68−40=28>0P''\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)=68-40=28>0P′′(32​)=68−40=28>0 so this gives a local minimum.

  9. Hence the common difference that maximises a1a4a5a_1a_4a_5a1​a4​a5​ is 85\boxed{\frac{8}{5}}58​​

  10. Comparing with the options, this is Option C.

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