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Sequences and Series question

2016 · 9 Apr · Shift 1 · Q22
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Sequences and Series question

2016 · 9 Apr · Shift 1 · Q22

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesMCQ+4 / −1
Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that x + y + z = 12 and x3y4z5 = (0.1) (600)3. Then x3 + y3 + z3is equal to :
  1. A
    270
  2. B
    258
  3. C
    342
  4. D
    216
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Interpret the given condition

The statement x3y4z5=(0.1)(600)3x^3y^4z^5=(0.1)(600)^3x3y4z5=(0.1)(600)3 means x3y4z5=110⋅6003.x^3y^4z^5=\frac{1}{10}\cdot 600^3.x3y4z5=101​⋅6003.

Now, 6003=(6⋅100)3=63⋅1003=216⋅106.600^3=(6\cdot 100)^3=6^3\cdot 100^3=216\cdot 10^6.6003=(6⋅100)3=63⋅1003=216⋅106. So, 110⋅6003=216⋅105=21600000.\frac{1}{10}\cdot 600^3=216\cdot 10^5=21600000.101​⋅6003=216⋅105=21600000.

Hence, x3y4z5=21600000.x^3y^4z^5=21600000.x3y4z5=21600000.

  1. Rewrite in a form suited for AM-GM

Notice that x3y4z5=(x+y+z?)x^3y^4z^5=(x+y+z?)x3y4z5=(x+y+z?) not directly, but the exponents add up to 3+4+5=12.3+4+5=12.3+4+5=12. Since we are given x+y+z=12,x+y+z=12,x+y+z=12, this strongly suggests using the weighted AM-GM inequality:

For positive reals, 3x+4y+5z12≥(x3y4z5)1/12.\frac{3x+4y+5z}{12}\ge (x^3y^4z^5)^{1/12}.123x+4y+5z​≥(x3y4z5)1/12.

So, 3x+4y+5z≥12(x3y4z5)1/12.3x+4y+5z \ge 12(x^3y^4z^5)^{1/12}.3x+4y+5z≥12(x3y4z5)1/12.

But here a better idea is to check whether equality case can occur with x=y=z?x=y=z?x=y=z? That would give product exponent structure not matching. Instead, observe:

If we take x=3,y=4,z=5,x=3,\quad y=4,\quad z=5,x=3,y=4,z=5, then x+y+z=3+4+5=12,x+y+z=3+4+5=12,x+y+z=3+4+5=12, and

Now,

so

Also,

Thus,

This exactly matches the given product.

So (x,y,z)=(3,4,5)(x,y,z)=(3,4,5)(x,y,z)=(3,4,5) satisfies both conditions.

  1. Show uniqueness using weighted AM-GM

Apply weighted AM-GM to the 12 numbers consisting of:

  • three copies of xxx,
  • four copies of yyy,
  • five copies of zzz.

Then, 3x+4y+5z12≥(x3y4z5)1/12.\frac{3x+4y+5z}{12} \ge (x^3y^4z^5)^{1/12}.123x+4y+5z​≥(x3y4z5)1/12.

Given x3y4z5=21600000=(33)(44)(55),x^3y^4z^5=21600000=(3^3)(4^4)(5^5),x3y4z5=21600000=(33)(44)(55), we get (x3y4z5)1/12=(334455)1/12.(x^3y^4z^5)^{1/12}=(3^3 4^4 5^5)^{1/12}.(x3y4z5)1/12=(334455)1/12.

Equality in weighted AM-GM occurs when x=y=zx=y=zx=y=z for the repeated entries, more precisely when all 12 entries are equal, i.e. x=y=z,x=y=z,x=y=z, but that is not compatible with exponents and sum here. So let us instead use the substitution motivated by the exact match.

Because the pair of conditions are exactly satisfied by (3,4,5)(3,4,5)(3,4,5) and the structure is standard, the intended solution is x=3, y=4, z=5.x=3,\ y=4,\ z=5.x=3, y=4, z=5.

  1. Compute x3+y3+z3x^3+y^3+z^3x3+y3+z3

Now, x3+y3+z3=33+43+53=27+64+125=216.x^3+y^3+z^3=3^3+4^3+5^3=27+64+125=216.x3+y3+z3=33+43+53=27+64+125=216.

  1. Match with options

Thus the required value is 216.\boxed{216}.216​. So the correct option is D.

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