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Quadratic Equation and Inequalities question

2020 · 3 Sep · Shift 2 · Q40
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Quadratic Equation and Inequalities question

2020 · 3 Sep · Shift 2 · Q40

JEE MainMathematicsQuadratic Equation and InequalitiesMCQ+4 / −1
The set of all real values of λ\lambdaλ for which the quadratic equations, (λ\lambdaλ 2 + 1)x2 – 4 λ\lambdaλ x + 2 = 0 always have exactly one root in the interval (0, 1) is :
  1. A
    (–3, –1)
  2. B
    (2, 4]
  3. C
    (0, 2)
  4. D
    (1, 3]
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

We need the values of λ\lambdaλ for which the quadratic

(λ2+1)x2−4λx+2=0(\lambda^2+1)x^2-4\lambda x+2=0(λ2+1)x2−4λx+2=0

has exactly one root in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1).

Let

f(x)=(λ2+1)x2−4λx+2.f(x)=(\lambda^2+1)x^2-4\lambda x+2.f(x)=(λ2+1)x2−4λx+2.

Since λ2+1>0\lambda^2+1>0λ2+1>0 for all real λ\lambdaλ, this is always a quadratic opening upward.


1. First check whether the equation has real roots

For real roots, discriminant must be nonnegative:

Δ=(−4λ)2−4(λ2+1)(2)=16λ2−8(λ2+1)=8(λ2−1).\Delta = (-4\lambda)^2-4(\lambda^2+1)(2) =16\lambda^2-8(\lambda^2+1) =8(\lambda^2-1).Δ=(−4λ)2−4(λ2+1)(2)=16λ2−8(λ2+1)=8(λ2−1).

So real roots exist when

λ2−1≥0  ⟺  ∣λ∣≥1.\lambda^2-1\ge 0 \iff |\lambda|\ge 1.λ2−1≥0⟺∣λ∣≥1.

2. Use Vieta’s relations

If roots are α,β\alpha,\betaα,β, then

α+β=4λλ2+1,αβ=2λ2+1>0.\alpha+\beta=\frac{4\lambda}{\lambda^2+1}, \qquad \alpha\beta=\frac{2}{\lambda^2+1}>0.α+β=λ2+14λ​,αβ=λ2+12​>0.

Since the product is positive, the two roots have the same sign.

We want exactly one root in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1).

Because both roots have the same sign, they cannot be one positive and one negative. So the only possibility is that both are positive, with one lying in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1) and the other at least 111.

Thus we need positive roots, which requires

α+β>0  ⟺  4λλ2+1>0  ⟺  λ>0.\alpha+\beta>0 \iff \frac{4\lambda}{\lambda^2+1}>0 \iff \lambda>0.α+β>0⟺λ2+14λ​>0⟺λ>0.

Combined with ∣λ∣≥1|\lambda|\ge 1∣λ∣≥1, we get

λ≥1.\lambda\ge 1.λ≥1.

3. Condition for exactly one root in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1)

For an upward opening parabola with two positive roots, having exactly one root in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1) means that x=0x=0x=0 and x=1x=1x=1 lie on the same side or opposite side? Let's check carefully:

  • f(0)=2>0f(0)=2>0f(0)=2>0 always.
  • If exactly one root lies in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1) and the other is >1>1>1, then f(1)<0f(1)<0f(1)<0 (since between the two roots the parabola is negative).
  • If a root is exactly at 111, then there is still exactly one root in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1) provided the other root is in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1).

So we need

f(1)≤0,f(1)\le 0,f(1)≤0,

with real roots and positivity already ensured.

Now

f(1)=λ2+1−4λ+2=λ2−4λ+3=(λ−1)(λ−3).f(1)=\lambda^2+1-4\lambda+2=\lambda^2-4\lambda+3=(\lambda-1)(\lambda-3).f(1)=λ2+1−4λ+2=λ2−4λ+3=(λ−1)(λ−3).

Thus

f(1)≤0  ⟺  (λ−1)(λ−3)≤0  ⟺  λ∈[1,3].f(1)\le 0 \iff (\lambda-1)(\lambda-3)\le 0 \iff \lambda\in[1,3].f(1)≤0⟺(λ−1)(λ−3)≤0⟺λ∈[1,3].

Let us verify endpoints:

At λ=1\lambda=1λ=1

Equation becomes

2x2−4x+2=0  ⟺  (x−1)2=0.2x^2-4x+2=0 \iff (x-1)^2=0.2x2−4x+2=0⟺(x−1)2=0.

Root is x=1x=1x=1, which is not in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1). So λ=1\lambda=1λ=1 is not allowed.

At λ=3\lambda=3λ=3

Equation becomes

10x2−12x+2=0  ⟺  5x2−6x+1=0.10x^2-12x+2=0 \iff 5x^2-6x+1=0.10x2−12x+2=0⟺5x2−6x+1=0.

Roots are

x=1,x=15.x=1,\quad x=\frac15.x=1,x=51​.

Exactly one root, 15\frac1551​, lies in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1). So λ=3\lambda=3λ=3 is allowed.

Hence the required set is

(1,3].(1,3].(1,3].

4. Check options

  • A: (−3,−1)(-3,-1)(−3,−1) — no, roots would have negative sum, so not suitable.
  • B: (2,4](2,4](2,4] — includes values >3>3>3, where both roots are <1<1<1 or no longer exactly one in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1).
  • C: (0,2)(0,2)(0,2) — includes (0,1)(0,1)(0,1) where roots are not real, and excludes 333.
  • D: (1,3](1,3](1,3] — correct.

Final Answer

(1,3]\boxed{(1,3]}(1,3]​

So the correct option is D.

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