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Quadratic Equation and Inequalities question

2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 1 · Q39
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Quadratic Equation and Inequalities question

2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 1 · Q39

JEE MainMathematicsQuadratic Equation and InequalitiesMCQ+4 / −1
Let [t] denote the greatest integer ≤\le≤ t. Then the equation in x, [x]2 + 2[x+2] - 7 = 0 has :
  1. A
    no integral solution.
  2. B
    exactly two solutions.
  3. C
    exactly four integral solutions.
  4. D
    infinitely many solutions.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

Let us solve the equation

[x]2+2[x+2]−7=0,[x]^2 + 2[x+2] - 7 = 0,[x]2+2[x+2]−7=0,

where [t][t][t] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to ttt.


1. Use the property of greatest integer function

Since 222 is an integer,

[x+2]=[x]+2.[x+2] = [x] + 2.[x+2]=[x]+2.

So the given equation becomes

[x]2+2([x]+2)−7=0.[x]^2 + 2([x]+2) - 7 = 0.[x]2+2([x]+2)−7=0.

Simplify:

[x]2+2[x]+4−7=0[x]^2 + 2[x] + 4 - 7 = 0[x]2+2[x]+4−7=0 [x]2+2[x]−3=0.[x]^2 + 2[x] - 3 = 0.[x]2+2[x]−3=0.


2. Substitute n=[x]n = [x]n=[x]

Let

n=[x],n = [x],n=[x],

where nnn is an integer. Then we get

n2+2n−3=0.n^2 + 2n - 3 = 0.n2+2n−3=0.

Factorizing,

n2+2n−3=(n+3)(n−1)=0.n^2 + 2n - 3 = (n+3)(n-1) = 0.n2+2n−3=(n+3)(n−1)=0.

Hence,

n=1orn=−3.n = 1 \quad \text{or} \quad n = -3.n=1orn=−3.

So,

[x]=1or[x]=−3.[x] = 1 \quad \text{or} \quad [x] = -3.[x]=1or[x]=−3.


3. Convert back to ranges of xxx

Case 1: [x]=1[x] = 1[x]=1

This means

1≤x<2.1 \le x < 2.1≤x<2.

Case 2: [x]=−3[x] = -3[x]=−3

This means

−3≤x<−2.-3 \le x < -2.−3≤x<−2.

Thus the solution set is

x∈[−3,−2)∪[1,2).x \in [-3,-2) \cup [1,2).x∈[−3,−2)∪[1,2).


4. Count the number of solutions

Each of the intervals [−3,−2)[-3,-2)[−3,−2) and [1,2)[1,2)[1,2) contains infinitely many real numbers. Therefore, the equation has infinitely many solutions.


5. Check the options

  • A: no integral solution — false, because x=−3,−2.5,1,1.7x=-3,-2.5,1,1.7x=−3,−2.5,1,1.7 etc. are solutions, and in particular x=−3,1x=-3,1x=−3,1 are integral solutions.
  • B: exactly two solutions — false.
  • C: exactly four integral solutions — false. Integral solutions are only x=−3x=-3x=−3 and x=1x=1x=1, i.e. two integral solutions.
  • D: infinitely many solutions — true.

Final Answer

The correct option is

D\boxed{D}D​

because the solution set is

[−3,−2)∪[1,2).\boxed{[-3,-2) \cup [1,2)}.[−3,−2)∪[1,2)​.

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