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Probability question

2022 · 26 Jul · Shift 1 · Q37
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  5. /2022 · 26 Jul · Shift 1 · Q37

Probability question

2022 · 26 Jul · Shift 1 · Q37

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
Let E1,E2,E3\mathrm{E}_{1}, \mathrm{E}_{2}, \mathrm{E}_{3}E1​,E2​,E3​ be three mutually exclusive events such that P(E1)=2+3p6,P(E2)=2−p8\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{E}_{1}\right)=\frac{2+3 \mathrm{p}}{6}, \mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{E}_{2}\right)=\frac{2-\mathrm{p}}{8}P(E1​)=62+3p​,P(E2​)=82−p​ and P(E3)=1−p2\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{E}_{3}\right)=\frac{1-\mathrm{p}}{2}P(E3​)=21−p​. If the maximum and minimum values of p\mathrm{p}p are p1\mathrm{p}_{1}p1​ and p2\mathrm{p}_{2}p2​, then (p1+p2)\left(\mathrm{p}_{1}+\mathrm{p}_{2}\right)(p1​+p2​) is equal to :
  1. A
    23\frac{2}{3}32​
  2. B
    53\frac{5}{3}35​
  3. C
    54\frac{5}{4}45​
  4. D
    1
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Since E1,E2,E3E_1,E_2,E_3E1​,E2​,E3​ are events, their probabilities must satisfy 0≤P(Ei)≤10\le P(E_i)\le 10≤P(Ei​)≤1 for each iii.

  2. Given: P(E1)=2+3p6,P(E2)=2−p8,P(E3)=1−p2.P(E_1)=\frac{2+3p}{6},\qquad P(E_2)=\frac{2-p}{8},\qquad P(E_3)=\frac{1-p}{2}.P(E1​)=62+3p​,P(E2​)=82−p​,P(E3​)=21−p​.

  3. Use non-negativity of each probability.

    From P(E1)≥0P(E_1)\ge 0P(E1​)≥0: 2+3p6≥0  ⟹  2+3p≥0  ⟹  p≥−23.\frac{2+3p}{6}\ge 0 \implies 2+3p\ge 0 \implies p\ge -\frac{2}{3}.62+3p​≥0⟹2+3p≥0⟹p≥−32​.

    From P(E2)≥0P(E_2)\ge 0P(E2​)≥0: 2−p8≥0  ⟹  2−p≥0  ⟹  p≤2.\frac{2-p}{8}\ge 0 \implies 2-p\ge 0 \implies p\le 2.82−p​≥0⟹2−p≥0⟹p≤2.

    From P(E3)≥0P(E_3)\ge 0P(E3​)≥0: 1−p2≥0  ⟹  1−p≥0  ⟹  p≤1.\frac{1-p}{2}\ge 0 \implies 1-p\ge 0 \implies p\le 1.21−p​≥0⟹1−p≥0⟹p≤1.

    Combining these: −23≤p≤1.-\frac{2}{3}\le p\le 1.−32​≤p≤1.

  4. Now check the upper bound P(Ei)≤1P(E_i)\le 1P(Ei​)≤1.

    For E1E_1E1​: 2+3p6≤1  ⟹  2+3p≤6  ⟹  p≤43.\frac{2+3p}{6}\le 1 \implies 2+3p\le 6 \implies p\le \frac{4}{3}.62+3p​≤1⟹2+3p≤6⟹p≤34​.

    For E2E_2E2​: 2−p8≤1  ⟹  2−p≤8  ⟹  p≥−6.\frac{2-p}{8}\le 1 \implies 2-p\le 8 \implies p\ge -6.82−p​≤1⟹2−p≤8⟹p≥−6.

    For E3E_3E3​: 1−p2≤1  ⟹  1−p≤2  ⟹  p≥−1.\frac{1-p}{2}\le 1 \implies 1-p\le 2 \implies p\ge -1.21−p​≤1⟹1−p≤2⟹p≥−1.

    These are weaker than the earlier bounds, so still: −23≤p≤1.-\frac{2}{3}\le p\le 1.−32​≤p≤1.

  5. Since the events are mutually exclusive, we must also have P(E1)+P(E2)+P(E3)≤1.P(E_1)+P(E_2)+P(E_3)\le 1.P(E1​)+P(E2​)+P(E3​)≤1.

    Compute the sum: 2+3p6+2−p8+1−p2.\frac{2+3p}{6}+\frac{2-p}{8}+\frac{1-p}{2}.62+3p​+82−p​+21−p​.

    Taking LCM 242424: =4(2+3p)+3(2−p)+12(1−p)24=\frac{4(2+3p)+3(2-p)+12(1-p)}{24}=244(2+3p)+3(2−p)+12(1−p)​ =8+12p+6−3p+12−12p24=\frac{8+12p+6-3p+12-12p}{24}=248+12p+6−3p+12−12p​ =26−3p24.=\frac{26-3p}{24}.=2426−3p​.

    Therefore, 26−3p24≤1\frac{26-3p}{24}\le 12426−3p​≤1 26−3p≤2426-3p\le 2426−3p≤24 −3p≤−2-3p\le -2−3p≤−2 p≥23.p\ge \frac{2}{3}.p≥32​.

  6. Combine with the earlier range: 23≤p≤1.\frac{2}{3}\le p\le 1.32​≤p≤1.

    Hence, p2=23,p1=1.p_2=\frac{2}{3},\qquad p_1=1.p2​=32​,p1​=1.

  7. Therefore, p1+p2=1+23=53.p_1+p_2=1+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{5}{3}.p1​+p2​=1+32​=35​.

So the correct option is B.

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