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Probability question

2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q28
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  5. /2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q28

Probability question

2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q28

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
If AAA and BBB are two events such that P(A)=13,P(B)=15P(A)=\frac{1}{3}, P(B)=\frac{1}{5}P(A)=31​,P(B)=51​ and P(A∪B)=12P(A \cup B)=\frac{1}{2}P(A∪B)=21​, then P(A∣B′)+P(B∣A′)P\left(A \mid B^{\prime}\right)+P\left(B \mid A^{\prime}\right)P(A∣B′)+P(B∣A′) is equal to :
  1. A
    34\frac{3}{4}43​
  2. B
    58\frac{5}{8}85​
  3. C
    54\frac{5}{4}45​
  4. D
    78\frac{7}{8}87​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Use the formula for union:

P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B)P(A\cup B)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A\cap B)P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B)

Given:

P(A)=13,P(B)=15,P(A∪B)=12P(A)=\frac{1}{3},\quad P(B)=\frac{1}{5},\quad P(A\cup B)=\frac{1}{2}P(A)=31​,P(B)=51​,P(A∪B)=21​

So,

12=13+15−P(A∩B)\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}-P(A\cap B)21​=31​+51​−P(A∩B)

P(A∩B)=13+15−12P(A\cap B)=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{2}P(A∩B)=31​+51​−21​

Taking LCM 303030,

P(A∩B)=10+6−1530=130P(A\cap B)=\frac{10+6-15}{30}=\frac{1}{30}P(A∩B)=3010+6−15​=301​

  1. Find P(A∣B′)P(A\mid B')P(A∣B′):

P(A∣B′)=P(A∩B′)P(B′)P(A\mid B')=\frac{P(A\cap B')}{P(B')}P(A∣B′)=P(B′)P(A∩B′)​

Now,

P(A∩B′)=P(A)−P(A∩B)=13−130=10−130=930=310P(A\cap B')=P(A)-P(A\cap B)=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{30}=\frac{10-1}{30}=\frac{9}{30}=\frac{3}{10}P(A∩B′)=P(A)−P(A∩B)=31​−301​=3010−1​=309​=103​

and

P(B′)=1−P(B)=1−15=45P(B')=1-P(B)=1-\frac{1}{5}=\frac{4}{5}P(B′)=1−P(B)=1−51​=54​

Hence,

P(A∣B′)=31045=310⋅54=38P(A\mid B')=\frac{\frac{3}{10}}{\frac{4}{5}}=\frac{3}{10}\cdot\frac{5}{4}=\frac{3}{8}P(A∣B′)=54​103​​=103​⋅45​=83​

  1. Find P(B∣A′)P(B\mid A')P(B∣A′):

P(B∣A′)=P(B∩A′)P(A′)P(B\mid A')=\frac{P(B\cap A')}{P(A')}P(B∣A′)=P(A′)P(B∩A′)​

Now,

P(B∩A′)=P(B)−P(A∩B)=15−130=6−130=530=16P(B\cap A')=P(B)-P(A\cap B)=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{30}=\frac{6-1}{30}=\frac{5}{30}=\frac{1}{6}P(B∩A′)=P(B)−P(A∩B)=51​−301​=306−1​=305​=61​

and

P(A′)=1−P(A)=1−13=23P(A')=1-P(A)=1-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{3}P(A′)=1−P(A)=1−31​=32​

Hence,

P(B∣A′)=1623=16⋅32=14P(B\mid A')=\frac{\frac{1}{6}}{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{1}{6}\cdot\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{4}P(B∣A′)=32​61​​=61​⋅23​=41​

  1. Add the two values:

P(A∣B′)+P(B∣A′)=38+14P(A\mid B')+P(B\mid A')=\frac{3}{8}+\frac{1}{4}P(A∣B′)+P(B∣A′)=83​+41​

=38+28=58=\frac{3}{8}+\frac{2}{8}=\frac{5}{8}=83​+82​=85​

  1. Compare with options:

58\frac{5}{8}85​

So the correct option is B.

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