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Probability question

2018 · 16 Apr · Shift 1 · Q39
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Probability question

2018 · 16 Apr · Shift 1 · Q39

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
Two different families A and B are blessed with equal numbe of children. There are 3 tickets to be distributed amongst the children of these families so that no child gets more than one ticket. If the probability that all the tickets go to the children of the family B is 112,{1 \over {12}},121​, then the number of children in each family is :
  1. A
    3
  2. B
    4
  3. C
    5
  4. D
    6
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Let the number of children in each family be nnn.

    Then:

    • Family AAA has nnn children
    • Family BBB has nnn children
    • Total children =2n= 2n=2n
  2. Total ways to distribute 3 tickets

    Since no child gets more than one ticket, distributing 3 identical tickets is equivalent to choosing 3 children out of 2n2n2n.

    So, total number of ways: (2n3)\binom{2n}{3}(32n​)

  3. Favourable ways: all 3 tickets go to family BBB

    We must choose all 3 children from the nnn children of family BBB.

    Number of favourable ways: (n3)\binom{n}{3}(3n​)

  4. Form the probability equation

    Given probability: (n3)(2n3)=112\frac{\binom{n}{3}}{\binom{2n}{3}} = \frac{1}{12}(32n​)(3n​)​=121​

  5. Expand the combinations

    n(n−1)(n−2)62n(2n−1)(2n−2)6=112\frac{\frac{n(n-1)(n-2)}{6}}{\frac{2n(2n-1)(2n-2)}{6}} = \frac{1}{12}62n(2n−1)(2n−2)​6n(n−1)(n−2)​​=121​

    Cancel 666: n(n−1)(n−2)2n(2n−1)(2n−2)=112\frac{n(n-1)(n-2)}{2n(2n-1)(2n-2)} = \frac{1}{12}2n(2n−1)(2n−2)n(n−1)(n−2)​=121​

  6. Simplify

    Note that: 2n−2=2(n−1)2n-2 = 2(n-1)2n−2=2(n−1)

    So denominator becomes: 2n(2n−1)⋅2(n−1)=4n(n−1)(2n−1)2n(2n-1)\cdot 2(n-1) = 4n(n-1)(2n-1)2n(2n−1)⋅2(n−1)=4n(n−1)(2n−1)

    Hence, n(n−1)(n−2)4n(n−1)(2n−1)=112\frac{n(n-1)(n-2)}{4n(n-1)(2n-1)} = \frac{1}{12}4n(n−1)(2n−1)n(n−1)(n−2)​=121​

    Cancel n(n−1)n(n-1)n(n−1): n−24(2n−1)=112\frac{n-2}{4(2n-1)} = \frac{1}{12}4(2n−1)n−2​=121​

  7. Solve for nnn

    Cross-multiplying: 12(n−2)=4(2n−1)12(n-2) = 4(2n-1)12(n−2)=4(2n−1)

    12n−24=8n−412n - 24 = 8n - 412n−24=8n−4

    4n=204n = 204n=20

    n=5n = 5n=5

  8. Check with options

    The number of children in each family is: 5\boxed{5}5​

    This corresponds to Option C.

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