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Permutations and Combinations question

2022 · 28 Jul · Shift 1 · Q38
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Permutations and Combinations question

2022 · 28 Jul · Shift 1 · Q38

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
Let SSS be the set of all passwords which are six to eight characters long, where each character is either an alphabet from {A,B,C,D,E}\{A, B, C, D, E\}{A,B,C,D,E} or a number from {1,2,3,4,5}\{1,2,3,4,5\}{1,2,3,4,5} with the repetition of characters allowed. If the number of passwords in SSS whose at least one character is a number from {1,2,3,4,5}\{1,2,3,4,5\}{1,2,3,4,5} is α×56\alpha \times 5^{6}α×56, then α\alphaα is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 7073

  1. Total available characters

    Each character can be chosen from:

    • alphabets: {A,B,C,D,E}\{A,B,C,D,E\}{A,B,C,D,E} → 555 choices
    • numbers: {1,2,3,4,5}\{1,2,3,4,5\}{1,2,3,4,5} → 555 choices

    So total choices for each position = 101010.

  2. Possible password lengths

    Passwords are of length 6,7,6,7,6,7, or 888.

  3. Count passwords with at least one number

    We use complement counting.

    For a fixed length nnn:

    • total passwords = 10n10^n10n
    • passwords with only alphabets = 5n5^n5n

    Therefore, passwords with at least one number = 10n−5n10^n - 5^n10n−5n

  4. Sum over all allowed lengths

    Hence required number is ∑n=68(10n−5n)\sum_{n=6}^{8} (10^n - 5^n)∑n=68​(10n−5n)

    Compute: =(106−56)+(107−57)+(108−58)= (10^6-5^6) + (10^7-5^7) + (10^8-5^8)=(106−56)+(107−57)+(108−58)

  5. Factor out 565^656

    Write each term in powers of 555: 106=(2⋅5)6=2656=64⋅5610^6 = (2\cdot 5)^6 = 2^6 5^6 = 64\cdot 5^6106=(2⋅5)6=2656=64⋅56 107=2757=128⋅5⋅56=640⋅5610^7 = 2^7 5^7 = 128\cdot 5\cdot 5^6 = 640\cdot 5^6107=2757=128⋅5⋅56=640⋅56 108=2858=256⋅25⋅56=6400⋅5610^8 = 2^8 5^8 = 256\cdot 25\cdot 5^6 = 6400\cdot 5^6108=2858=256⋅25⋅56=6400⋅56 Also, 57=5⋅56,58=25⋅565^7 = 5\cdot 5^6, \qquad 5^8 = 25\cdot 5^657=5⋅56,58=25⋅56

    So, 106−56=(64−1)56=63⋅5610^6-5^6 = (64-1)5^6 = 63\cdot 5^6106−56=(64−1)56=63⋅56 107−57=(640−5)56=635⋅5610^7-5^7 = (640-5)5^6 = 635\cdot 5^6107−57=(640−5)56=635⋅56 108−58=(6400−25)56=6375⋅5610^8-5^8 = (6400-25)5^6 = 6375\cdot 5^6108−58=(6400−25)56=6375⋅56

  6. Add coefficients

    Therefore, α=63+635+6375=7073\alpha = 63+635+6375 = 7073α=63+635+6375=7073

  7. Final answer

    7073\boxed{7073}7073​

  8. Comparison with stored answer

    Stored correct answer = 707370737073.

    This matches our derived answer.

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