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Permutations and Combinations question

2022 · 29 Jun · Shift 1 · Q41
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Permutations and Combinations question

2022 · 29 Jun · Shift 1 · Q41

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
Let b1b2b3b4 be a 4-element permutation with bi ∈\in∈{1, 2, 3, ........, 100} for 1 ≤\le≤ i ≤\le≤ 4 and bi eee bj for i eee j, such that either b1, b2, b3 are consecutive integers or b2, b3, b4 are consecutive integers. Then the number of such permutations b1b2b3b4 is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 113684

  1. We count 4-tuples (b1,b2,b3,b4)(b_1,b_2,b_3,b_4)(b1​,b2​,b3​,b4​) such that:
  • each bi∈{1,2,…,100}b_i \in \{1,2,\dots,100\}bi​∈{1,2,…,100},
  • all bib_ibi​ are distinct,
  • either (b1,b2,b3)(b_1,b_2,b_3)(b1​,b2​,b3​) are consecutive integers, or (b2,b3,b4)(b_2,b_3,b_4)(b2​,b3​,b4​) are consecutive integers.

Let A={(b1,b2,b3,b4):b1,b2,b3 are consecutive integers}A=\{(b_1,b_2,b_3,b_4): b_1,b_2,b_3 \text{ are consecutive integers}\}A={(b1​,b2​,b3​,b4​):b1​,b2​,b3​ are consecutive integers} and B={(b1,b2,b3,b4):b2,b3,b4 are consecutive integers}.B=\{(b_1,b_2,b_3,b_4): b_2,b_3,b_4 \text{ are consecutive integers}\}.B={(b1​,b2​,b3​,b4​):b2​,b3​,b4​ are consecutive integers}. We need ∣A∪B∣=∣A∣+∣B∣−∣A∩B∣.|A\cup B|=|A|+|B|-|A\cap B|.∣A∪B∣=∣A∣+∣B∣−∣A∩B∣.


  1. Count ∣A∣|A|∣A∣.

For b1,b2,b3b_1,b_2,b_3b1​,b2​,b3​ to be consecutive integers, they must be some permutation of {k,k+1,k+2},k=1,2,…,98.\{k,k+1,k+2\}, \qquad k=1,2,\dots,98.{k,k+1,k+2},k=1,2,…,98. So there are 989898 choices for the set of three consecutive integers.

These three can be arranged in 3!=63!=63!=6 ways in positions b1,b2,b3b_1,b_2,b_3b1​,b2​,b3​.

Now b4b_4b4​ can be any number from 111 to 100100100 except those already used, so 100−3=97100-3=97100−3=97 choices.

Hence ∣A∣=98⋅6⋅97.|A|=98\cdot 6\cdot 97.∣A∣=98⋅6⋅97. By symmetry, ∣B∣=98⋅6⋅97.|B|=98\cdot 6\cdot 97.∣B∣=98⋅6⋅97.

So ∣A∣+∣B∣=2⋅98⋅6⋅97.|A|+|B|=2\cdot 98\cdot 6\cdot 97.∣A∣+∣B∣=2⋅98⋅6⋅97.


  1. Count ∣A∩B∣|A\cap B|∣A∩B∣.

Here both conditions hold:

  • b1,b2,b3b_1,b_2,b_3b1​,b2​,b3​ are consecutive,
  • b2,b3,b4b_2,b_3,b_4b2​,b3​,b4​ are consecutive.

Since all four entries are distinct, the two 3-element sets {b1,b2,b3},{b2,b3,b4}\{b_1,b_2,b_3\}, \qquad \{b_2,b_3,b_4\}{b1​,b2​,b3​},{b2​,b3​,b4​} share exactly the two elements b2,b3b_2,b_3b2​,b3​.

Two distinct sets of 3 consecutive integers having exactly 2 common elements must be of the form {k,k+1,k+2},{k+1,k+2,k+3}\{k,k+1,k+2\}, \quad \{k+1,k+2,k+3\}{k,k+1,k+2},{k+1,k+2,k+3} or {k+1,k+2,k+3},{k,k+1,k+2}.\{k+1,k+2,k+3\}, \quad \{k,k+1,k+2\}.{k+1,k+2,k+3},{k,k+1,k+2}. Thus the four numbers involved must be four consecutive integers: {k,k+1,k+2,k+3},k=1,2,…,97.\{k,k+1,k+2,k+3\}, \qquad k=1,2,\dots,97.{k,k+1,k+2,k+3},k=1,2,…,97. So there are 979797 choices for the set of values.

Now we count valid arrangements (b1,b2,b3,b4)(b_1,b_2,b_3,b_4)(b1​,b2​,b3​,b4​) of these four numbers.

The middle pair (b2,b3)(b_2,b_3)(b2​,b3​) must be the common part of two consecutive triples, so it must be either {k+1,k+2}.\{k+1,k+2\}.{k+1,k+2}. And since order matters, (b2,b3)(b_2,b_3)(b2​,b3​) can be: (k+1,k+2)or(k+2,k+1),(k+1,k+2) \quad \text{or} \quad (k+2,k+1),(k+1,k+2)or(k+2,k+1), so 222 choices.

Then the remaining two numbers kkk and k+3k+3k+3 must occupy b1b_1b1​ and b4b_4b4​. Once (b2,b3)(b_2,b_3)(b2​,b3​) is fixed, there are 222 ways:

  • b1=k, b4=k+3b_1=k,\ b_4=k+3b1​=k, b4​=k+3,
  • b1=k+3, b4=kb_1=k+3,\ b_4=kb1​=k+3, b4​=k.

Each of these indeed makes both triples consecutive.

Hence for each kkk, number of arrangements in A∩BA\cap BA∩B is 2×2=4.2\times 2=4.2×2=4. Therefore ∣A∩B∣=97⋅4.|A\cap B|=97\cdot 4.∣A∩B∣=97⋅4.


  1. Apply inclusion-exclusion.

∣A∪B∣=2⋅98⋅6⋅97−97⋅4.|A\cup B|=2\cdot 98\cdot 6\cdot 97 - 97\cdot 4.∣A∪B∣=2⋅98⋅6⋅97−97⋅4. Factor out 979797: ∣A∪B∣=97(2⋅98⋅6−4).|A\cup B|=97(2\cdot 98\cdot 6 -4).∣A∪B∣=97(2⋅98⋅6−4). Now, 2⋅98⋅6=1176,2\cdot 98\cdot 6=1176,2⋅98⋅6=1176, so 1176−4=1172.1176-4=1172.1176−4=1172. Thus ∣A∪B∣=97⋅1172.|A\cup B|=97\cdot 1172.∣A∪B∣=97⋅1172. Compute: 1172⋅97=1172(100−3)=117200−3516=113684.1172\cdot 97=1172(100-3)=117200-3516=113684.1172⋅97=1172(100−3)=117200−3516=113684.

So the required number is 113684.\boxed{113684}.113684​.


  1. Compare with stored answer.

Stored correct answer is 189151891518915, but our derived answer is 113684113684113684. Therefore, the stored answer does not match the correct count.

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