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Parabola question

2024 · 4 Apr · Shift 1 · Q58
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Parabola question

2024 · 4 Apr · Shift 1 · Q58

JEE MainMathematicsParabolaNumerical+4 / −1
Let the length of the focal chord PQ of the parabola y2=12xy^2=12 xy2=12x be 15 units. If the distance of PQ\mathrm{PQ}PQ from the origin is p\mathrm{p}p, then 10p210 \mathrm{p}^210p2 is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 72

  1. Write the parabola in standard form

    Given parabola: y2=12xy^2=12xy2=12x

    Compare with the standard form: y2=4axy^2=4axy2=4ax so, 4a=12  ⟹  a=34a=12 \implies a=34a=12⟹a=3

    Hence the focus is: S=(a,0)=(3,0)S=(a,0)=(3,0)S=(a,0)=(3,0)

  2. Use the fact that PQPQPQ is a focal chord

    A focal chord is any chord passing through the focus.

    Let the endpoints of the focal chord be points on the parabola corresponding to parameters t1t_1t1​ and t2t_2t2​.

    For the parabola y2=4axy^2=4axy2=4ax, a point with parameter ttt is: (at2, 2at)\big(at^2,\,2at\big)(at2,2at)

    So here, points are: P=(3t12,6t1),Q=(3t22,6t2)P=(3t_1^2,6t_1), \qquad Q=(3t_2^2,6t_2)P=(3t12​,6t1​),Q=(3t22​,6t2​)

    For a focal chord of a parabola, the parameters satisfy: t1t2=−1t_1t_2=-1t1​t2​=−1

  3. Use the length formula for focal chord

    For parabola y2=4axy^2=4axy2=4ax, length of chord joining parameters t1,t2t_1,t_2t1​,t2​ is: PQ=a∣t1−t2∣(t1+t2)2+4PQ=a|t_1-t_2|\sqrt{(t_1+t_2)^2+4}PQ=a∣t1​−t2​∣(t1​+t2​)2+4​

    Since t1t2=−1t_1t_2=-1t1​t2​=−1, let t2=−1t1=−1tt_2=-\frac1{t_1}= -\frac1tt2​=−t1​1​=−t1​.

    Then endpoints are: P=(3t2,6t),Q=(3t2,−6t)P=(3t^2,6t), \qquad Q=\left(\frac{3}{t^2},-\frac{6}{t}\right)P=(3t2,6t),Q=(t23​,−t6​)

    A standard result for focal chord length is: PQ=a(t+1t)2PQ=a\left(t+\frac1t\right)^2PQ=a(t+t1​)2

    Let us verify quickly: [ \Delta x=3\left(t^2-\frac1{t^2}\right), \qquad \Delta y=6\left(t+\frac1t\right) ] so [ PQ^2=9\left(t^2-\frac1{t^2}\right)^2+36\left(t+\frac1t\right)^2 ] Using t2−1t2=(t+1t)(t−1t)t^2-\frac1{t^2}=\left(t+\frac1t\right)\left(t-\frac1t\right)t2−t21​=(t+t1​)(t−t1​) and simplifying gives PQ=3(t+1t)2PQ=3\left(t+\frac1t\right)^2PQ=3(t+t1​)2

    Given PQ=15PQ=15PQ=15, therefore 3(t+1t)2=153\left(t+\frac1t\right)^2=153(t+t1​)2=15 (t+1t)2=5\left(t+\frac1t\right)^2=5(t+t1​)2=5

  4. Find the equation of the focal chord

    The chord joining points with parameters ttt and −1t-\frac1t−t1​ on y2=4axy^2=4axy2=4ax is: y=mx+cy=mx+cy=mx+c where slope is

    =\frac{-6\left(t+\frac1t\right)}{3\left(\frac1{t^2}-t^2\right)} =\frac{2t}{t^2-1}$$ But an easier standard form of focal chord is: $$x-ty+at^2=0$$ for one endpoint parameter $t$ and the other $-1/t$. For $a=3$, the focal chord is: $$x-ty+3=0$$ Rearranging: $$x-ty+3=0$$
  5. Distance of this line from the origin

    Distance from origin (0,0)(0,0)(0,0) to line x−ty+3=0x-ty+3=0x−ty+3=0 is p=∣3∣1+t2=31+t2p=\frac{|3|}{\sqrt{1+t^2}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{1+t^2}}p=1+t2​∣3∣​=1+t2​3​

    So, p2=91+t2p^2=\frac{9}{1+t^2}p2=1+t29​

  6. Use focal chord length condition to get ppp

    From (t+1t)2=5\left(t+\frac1t\right)^2=5(t+t1​)2=5 we get t2+2+1t2=5t^2+2+\frac1{t^2}=5t2+2+t21​=5 t2+1t2=3t^2+\frac1{t^2}=3t2+t21​=3

    Multiply by t2t^2t2: t4−3t2+1=0t^4-3t^2+1=0t4−3t2+1=0

    Let u=t2u=t^2u=t2. Then u2−3u+1=0u^2-3u+1=0u2−3u+1=0

    So, u+1u=3u+\frac1u=3u+u1​=3 where u=t2u=t^2u=t2.

    Now p2=91+up^2=\frac{9}{1+u}p2=1+u9​

    We need a value independent of which root is chosen. Since the two roots are reciprocal, the two possible distances are complementary. Let us compute directly using the perpendicular distance formula from the chord in terms of its length.

  7. A cleaner method using midpoint form

    For parabola y2=4axy^2=4axy2=4ax, focal chord endpoints are P(at2,2at),Q(at2,−2at)P(at^2,2at),\quad Q\left(\frac{a}{t^2},-\frac{2a}{t}\right)P(at2,2at),Q(t2a​,−t2a​) and its equation is tx−y+at=0tx-y+at=0tx−y+at=0 or equivalently for the focal chord through parameters ttt and −1/t-1/t−1/t, x−ty+a=0x-ty+a=0x−ty+a=0

    Distance from focus (a,0)(a,0)(a,0) to the endpoints along this line gives the chord length relation PQ=4a(1+t2)∣t∣PQ=\frac{4a(1+t^2)}{|t|}PQ=∣t∣4a(1+t2)​ This is not matching the known standard formula, so let us proceed by direct coordinate geometry to avoid ambiguity.

  8. Direct coordinate method

    Let the focal chord through focus (3,0)(3,0)(3,0) have slope mmm. Equation of line through focus: y=m(x−3)y=m(x-3)y=m(x−3)

    Substitute into parabola y2=12xy^2=12xy2=12x: m2(x−3)2=12xm^2(x-3)^2=12xm2(x−3)2=12x

    Since the chord passes through the focus, the two intersection points are P,QP,QP,Q, and their distance along the line is given as 15.

    Write line in parametric form from focus: (x,y)=(3,0)+λ(1,m)(x,y)=(3,0)+\lambda(1,m)(x,y)=(3,0)+λ(1,m) so x=3+λ,y=mλx=3+\lambda,\quad y=m\lambdax=3+λ,y=mλ

    Substituting into parabola: (mλ)2=12(3+λ)(m\lambda)^2=12(3+\lambda)(mλ)2=12(3+λ) m2λ2−12λ−36=0m^2\lambda^2-12\lambda-36=0m2λ2−12λ−36=0

    Let roots be λ1,λ2\lambda_1,\lambda_2λ1​,λ2​. Then points are at parameters along direction vector (1,m)(1,m)(1,m).

    Distance between the points is: PQ=∣λ1−λ2∣1+m2=15PQ=|\lambda_1-\lambda_2|\sqrt{1+m^2}=15PQ=∣λ1​−λ2​∣1+m2​=15

    For the quadratic m2λ2−12λ−36=0m^2\lambda^2-12\lambda-36=0m2λ2−12λ−36=0 we have

    =\frac{12\sqrt{1+m^2}}{m^2}$$ Hence $$PQ=\frac{12(1+m^2)}{m^2}=15$$ So, $$12+12m^2=15m^2$$ $$3m^2=12$$ $$m^2=4$$
  9. Find distance of the line from origin

    The line is: y=m(x−3)y=m(x-3)y=m(x−3) mx−y−3m=0mx-y-3m=0mx−y−3m=0

    Distance from origin to this line is: p=∣−3m∣m2+1=3∣m∣m2+1p=\frac{| -3m |}{\sqrt{m^2+1}}=\frac{3|m|}{\sqrt{m^2+1}}p=m2+1​∣−3m∣​=m2+1​3∣m∣​

    Since m2=4m^2=4m2=4, p2=9⋅45=365p^2=\frac{9\cdot 4}{5}=\frac{36}{5}p2=59⋅4​=536​

    Therefore, 10p2=10⋅365=7210p^2=10\cdot \frac{36}{5}=7210p2=10⋅536​=72

  10. Final answer

72\boxed{72}72​

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