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Matrices and Determinants question

2023 · 31 Jan · Shift 1 · Q29
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  5. /2023 · 31 Jan · Shift 1 · Q29

Matrices and Determinants question

2023 · 31 Jan · Shift 1 · Q29

JEE MainMathematicsMatrices and DeterminantsMCQ+4 / −1
For the system of linear equations x+y+z=6αx+βy+7z=3x+2y+3z=14x+y+z=6\alpha x+\beta y+7 z=3x+2 y+3 z=14x+y+z=6αx+βy+7z=3x+2y+3z=14 which of the following is NOT true ?
  1. A
    If α=β=7\alpha=\beta=7α=β=7, then the system has no solution
  2. B
    For every point (α,β)eq(7,7)(\alpha, \beta) eq(7,7)(α,β)eq(7,7) on the line x−2y+7=0x-2 y+7=0x−2y+7=0, the system has infinitely many solutions
  3. C
    There is a unique point (α,β)(\alpha, \beta)(α,β) on the line x+2y+18=0x+2 y+18=0x+2y+18=0 for which the system has infinitely many solutions
  4. D
    If α=β\alpha=\betaα=β and αeq7\alpha eq 7αeq7, then the system has a unique solution
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B, C

  1. Write the system in matrix form

The equations are

{x+y+z=6αx+βy+7z=33x+2y+3z=14\begin{cases} x+y+z=6 \\ \alpha x+\beta y+7z=3 \\ 3x+2y+3z=14 \end{cases}⎩⎨⎧​x+y+z=6αx+βy+7z=33x+2y+3z=14​

Coefficient matrix:

A=(111αβ7323)A=\begin{pmatrix} 1&1&1\\ \alpha&\beta&7\\ 3&2&3 \end{pmatrix}A=​1α3​1β2​173​​

For a unique solution, we need det⁡(A)≠0\det(A)\neq 0det(A)=0. For infinitely many or no solution, we need det⁡(A)=0\det(A)=0det(A)=0 and then check consistency.


  1. Compute the determinant
Δ=∣111αβ7323∣\Delta=\begin{vmatrix} 1&1&1\\ \alpha&\beta&7\\ 3&2&3 \end{vmatrix}Δ=​1α3​1β2​173​​

Expanding along the first row:

Δ=1∣β723∣−1∣α733∣+1∣αβ32∣\Delta=1\begin{vmatrix}\beta&7\\2&3\end{vmatrix}-1\begin{vmatrix}\alpha&7\\3&3\end{vmatrix}+1\begin{vmatrix}\alpha&\beta\\3&2\end{vmatrix}Δ=1​β2​73​​−1​α3​73​​+1​α3​β2​​ =1(3β−14)−1(3α−21)+(2α−3β)=1(3\beta-14)-1(3\alpha-21)+(2\alpha-3\beta)=1(3β−14)−1(3α−21)+(2α−3β) =3β−14−3α+21+2α−3β=7−α=3\beta-14-3\alpha+21+2\alpha-3\beta=7-\alpha=3β−14−3α+21+2α−3β=7−α

So,

det⁡(A)=7−α\det(A)=7-\alphadet(A)=7−α

Hence:

  • if α≠7\alpha\neq 7α=7, the system has a unique solution;
  • if α=7\alpha=7α=7, then we must check consistency.

  1. Case α=7\alpha=7α=7

Then the system becomes

{x+y+z=67x+βy+7z=33x+2y+3z=14\begin{cases} x+y+z=6 \\ 7x+\beta y+7z=3 \\ 3x+2y+3z=14 \end{cases}⎩⎨⎧​x+y+z=67x+βy+7z=33x+2y+3z=14​

Subtract 7×7\times7× first equation from second:

(7x+βy+7z)−7(x+y+z)=3−42(7x+\beta y+7z)-7(x+y+z)=3-42(7x+βy+7z)−7(x+y+z)=3−42 (β−7)y=−39(\beta-7)y=-39(β−7)y=−39

Also, subtract 3×3\times3× first equation from third:

(3x+2y+3z)−3(x+y+z)=14−18(3x+2y+3z)-3(x+y+z)=14-18(3x+2y+3z)−3(x+y+z)=14−18 −y=−4⇒y=4-y=-4 \Rightarrow y=4−y=−4⇒y=4

Using y=4y=4y=4 in (β−7)y=−39(\beta-7)y=-39(β−7)y=−39:

4(β−7)=−394(\beta-7)=-394(β−7)=−39 β−7=−394\beta-7=-\frac{39}{4}β−7=−439​ β=−114\beta=-\frac{11}{4}β=−411​

Therefore when α=7\alpha=7α=7:

  • if β=−114\beta=-\frac{11}{4}β=−411​, the system is consistent and since det⁡(A)=0\det(A)=0det(A)=0, it has infinitely many solutions;
  • if β≠−114\beta\neq -\frac{11}{4}β=−411​, the system is inconsistent, so no solution.

  1. Check each option

Option A

If α=β=7\alpha=\beta=7α=β=7, then with α=7\alpha=7α=7 and β=7≠−114\beta=7\neq -\frac{11}{4}β=7=−411​, the system has no solution.

So A is true.


Option B

Line:

x−2y+7=0x-2y+7=0x−2y+7=0

Here this means

α−2β+7=0\alpha-2\beta+7=0α−2β+7=0

The system has infinitely many solutions only when

α=7,β=−114\alpha=7,\quad \beta=-\frac{11}{4}α=7,β=−411​

Check whether this point lies on the line:

7−2(−114)+7=7+112+7=392≠07-2\left(-\frac{11}{4}\right)+7=7+\frac{11}{2}+7=\frac{39}{2}\neq 07−2(−411​)+7=7+211​+7=239​=0

So the point of infinite solutions is not on this line.

Also, for any point on this line with α≠7\alpha\neq 7α=7, determinant is nonzero, so solution is unique, not infinite.

Hence B is false.


Option C

Line:

x+2y+18=0x+2y+18=0x+2y+18=0

meaning

α+2β+18=0\alpha+2\beta+18=0α+2β+18=0

For infinitely many solutions we need

(α,β)=(7,−114)(\alpha,\beta)=\left(7,-\frac{11}{4}\right)(α,β)=(7,−411​)

Check if it lies on the line:

7+2(−114)+18=7−112+18=25−112=392≠07+2\left(-\frac{11}{4}\right)+18=7-\frac{11}{2}+18=25-\frac{11}{2}=\frac{39}{2}\neq 07+2(−411​)+18=7−211​+18=25−211​=239​=0

So there is no such point on this line.

Thus C is false.


Option D

If α=β\alpha=\betaα=β and α≠7\alpha\neq 7α=7, then certainly α≠7\alpha\neq 7α=7, so

det⁡(A)=7−α≠0\det(A)=7-\alpha\neq 0det(A)=7−α=0

Hence the system has a unique solution.

So D is true.


  1. Conclusion

The statements that are NOT true are:

B and C\boxed{B \text{ and } C}B and C​

So this question, as written, has two incorrect options, not one.

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