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Matrices and Determinants question

2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q24
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  5. /2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q24

Matrices and Determinants question

2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q24

JEE MainMathematicsMatrices and DeterminantsMCQ+4 / −1
The number of real values of λ\lambdaλ, such that the system of linear equations 2x −-− 3y + 5z = 9 x + 3y −-− z =−-− 18 3x −-− y + (λ\lambdaλ 2 −-−|λ\lambdaλ |)z = 16 has no solutions, is
  1. A
    0
  2. B
    1
  3. C
    2
  4. D
    4
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

We need the number of real values of λ\lambdaλ for which the system

{2x−3y+5z=9x+3y−z=−183x−y+(λ2−∣λ∣)z=16\begin{cases} 2x-3y+5z=9 \\ x+3y-z=-18 \\ 3x-y+(\lambda^2-|\lambda|)z=16 \end{cases}⎩⎨⎧​2x−3y+5z=9x+3y−z=−183x−y+(λ2−∣λ∣)z=16​

has no solution.


1. Write the coefficient matrix

The coefficient matrix is

A=(2−3513−13−1λ2−∣λ∣)A= \begin{pmatrix} 2 & -3 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & -1 \\ 3 & -1 & \lambda^2-|\lambda| \end{pmatrix}A=​213​−33−1​5−1λ2−∣λ∣​​

For a system of 3 linear equations in 3 variables:

  • if det⁡(A)≠0\det(A)\neq 0det(A)=0, there is a unique solution;
  • for no solution, we need det⁡(A)=0\det(A)=0det(A)=0 and inconsistency.

So first find when det⁡(A)=0\det(A)=0det(A)=0.


2. Compute the determinant

det⁡(A)=∣2−3513−13−1λ2−∣λ∣∣\det(A)= \begin{vmatrix} 2 & -3 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & -1 \\ 3 & -1 & \lambda^2-|\lambda| \end{vmatrix}det(A)=​213​−33−1​5−1λ2−∣λ∣​​

Expanding along the first row:

det⁡(A)=2∣3−1−1λ2−∣λ∣∣−(−3)∣1−13λ2−∣λ∣∣+5∣133−1∣\det(A)=2 \begin{vmatrix} 3 & -1 \\ -1 & \lambda^2-|\lambda| \end{vmatrix} -(-3) \begin{vmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 3 & \lambda^2-|\lambda| \end{vmatrix} +5 \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 3 & -1 \end{vmatrix}det(A)=2​3−1​−1λ2−∣λ∣​​−(−3)​13​−1λ2−∣λ∣​​+5​13​3−1​​

Now compute each minor:

∣3−1−1λ2−∣λ∣∣=3(λ2−∣λ∣)−1\begin{vmatrix} 3 & -1 \\ -1 & \lambda^2-|\lambda| \end{vmatrix} =3(\lambda^2-|\lambda|)-1​3−1​−1λ2−∣λ∣​​=3(λ2−∣λ∣)−1 ∣1−13λ2−∣λ∣∣=λ2−∣λ∣+3\begin{vmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 3 & \lambda^2-|\lambda| \end{vmatrix} =\lambda^2-|\lambda|+3​13​−1λ2−∣λ∣​​=λ2−∣λ∣+3 ∣133−1∣=−1−9=−10\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 3 & -1 \end{vmatrix} =-1-9=-10​13​3−1​​=−1−9=−10

Hence

det⁡(A)=2(3(λ2−∣λ∣)−1)+3(λ2−∣λ∣+3)+5(−10)\det(A)=2\big(3(\lambda^2-|\lambda|)-1\big)+3(\lambda^2-|\lambda|+3)+5(-10)det(A)=2(3(λ2−∣λ∣)−1)+3(λ2−∣λ∣+3)+5(−10) =6(λ2−∣λ∣)−2+3(λ2−∣λ∣)+9−50=6(\lambda^2-|\lambda|)-2+3(\lambda^2-|\lambda|)+9-50=6(λ2−∣λ∣)−2+3(λ2−∣λ∣)+9−50 =9(λ2−∣λ∣)−43=9(\lambda^2-|\lambda|)-43=9(λ2−∣λ∣)−43

So

det⁡(A)=0  ⟺  9(λ2−∣λ∣)−43=0\det(A)=0 \iff 9(\lambda^2-|\lambda|)-43=0det(A)=0⟺9(λ2−∣λ∣)−43=0 λ2−∣λ∣=439\lambda^2-|\lambda|=\frac{43}{9}λ2−∣λ∣=943​

Let t=∣λ∣≥0t=|\lambda|\ge 0t=∣λ∣≥0. Then

t2−t=439t^2-t=\frac{43}{9}t2−t=943​ 9t2−9t−43=09t^2-9t-43=09t2−9t−43=0

Its roots are

t=9±81+154818=9±162918t=\frac{9\pm\sqrt{81+1548}}{18} =\frac{9\pm\sqrt{1629}}{18}t=189±81+1548​​=189±1629​​

Since 1629>9\sqrt{1629}>91629​>9, one root is negative and one is positive. Thus exactly one positive value of t=∣λ∣t=|\lambda|t=∣λ∣ exists, giving

λ=±t\lambda=\pm tλ=±t

So there are 2 real values of λ\lambdaλ for which det⁡(A)=0\det(A)=0det(A)=0.


3. Check whether these values give no solution or infinitely many solutions

We now examine consistency when

λ2−∣λ∣=439\lambda^2-|\lambda|=\frac{43}{9}λ2−∣λ∣=943​

Then the third equation becomes

3x−y+439z=163x-y+\frac{43}{9}z=163x−y+943​z=16

Now solve the first two equations for a relation.

From

2x−3y+5z=9...(1)2x-3y+5z=9 \quad ...(1)2x−3y+5z=9...(1) x+3y−z=−18...(2)x+3y-z=-18 \quad ...(2)x+3y−z=−18...(2)

Add 2×(2)2\times (2)2×(2) to (1)(1)(1):

(2x−3y+5z)+2(x+3y−z)=9+2(−18)(2x-3y+5z)+2(x+3y-z)=9+2(-18)(2x−3y+5z)+2(x+3y−z)=9+2(−18) 4x+3y+3z=−274x+3y+3z=-274x+3y+3z=−27

But a cleaner way is to solve directly.

From (2):

x=−18−3y+zx=-18-3y+zx=−18−3y+z

Substitute into (1):

2(−18−3y+z)−3y+5z=92(-18-3y+z)-3y+5z=92(−18−3y+z)−3y+5z=9 −36−6y+2z−3y+5z=9-36-6y+2z-3y+5z=9−36−6y+2z−3y+5z=9 −9y+7z=45-9y+7z=45−9y+7z=45 y=7z−459y=\frac{7z-45}{9}y=97z−45​

Then

x=−18−3(7z−459)+zx=-18-3\left(\frac{7z-45}{9}\right)+zx=−18−3(97z−45​)+z x=−18−7z−453+zx=-18-\frac{7z-45}{3}+zx=−18−37z−45​+z x=−18−7z3+15+z=−3−4z3x=-18-\frac{7z}{3}+15+z =-3-\frac{4z}{3}x=−18−37z​+15+z=−3−34z​

Now substitute into the third equation:

3x−y+439z=163x-y+\frac{43}{9}z=163x−y+943​z=16

Compute:

3x=3(−3−4z3)=−9−4z3x=3\left(-3-\frac{4z}{3}\right)=-9-4z3x=3(−3−34z​)=−9−4z

and

−y=−7z−459=45−7z9-y=-\frac{7z-45}{9}=\frac{45-7z}{9}−y=−97z−45​=945−7z​

So

3x−y+439zn=(−9−4z)+45−7z9+43z93x-y+\frac{43}{9}z n= (-9-4z)+\frac{45-7z}{9}+\frac{43z}{9}3x−y+943​zn=(−9−4z)+945−7z​+943z​ =(−9−4z)+45+36z9= (-9-4z)+\frac{45+36z}{9}=(−9−4z)+945+36z​ =(−9−4z)+(5+4z)=−4= (-9-4z)+(5+4z)=-4=(−9−4z)+(5+4z)=−4

Thus the left side of the third equation becomes always −4-4−4, but the equation requires it to be 161616.

So the system is inconsistent.

Hence for each of those 2 values of λ\lambdaλ, the system has no solution.


4. Final answer

Therefore, the number of real values of λ\lambdaλ for which the system has no solution is

2\boxed{2}2​

So the correct option is C.

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