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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q34
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  5. /2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q34

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q34

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
lim⁡n→∞(12−1)(n−1)+(22−2)(n−2)+⋯+((n−1)2−(n−1))⋅1(13+23+⋯⋯+n3)−(12+22+⋯⋯+n2)\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\left(1^2-1\right)(n-1)+\left(2^2-2\right)(n-2)+\cdots+\left((n-1)^2-(n-1)\right) \cdot 1}{\left(1^3+2^3+\cdots \cdots+n^3\right)-\left(1^2+2^2+\cdots \cdots+n^2\right)}n→∞lim​(13+23+⋯⋯+n3)−(12+22+⋯⋯+n2)(12−1)(n−1)+(22−2)(n−2)+⋯+((n−1)2−(n−1))⋅1​ is equal to :
  1. A
    23\frac{2}{3}32​
  2. B
    12\frac{1}{2}21​
  3. C
    34\frac{3}{4}43​
  4. D
    13\frac{1}{3}31​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Write the numerator in sigma form

The numerator is

(12−1)(n−1)+(22−2)(n−2)+⋯+((n−1)2−(n−1))⋅1.(1^2-1)(n-1)+(2^2-2)(n-2)+\cdots+((n-1)^2-(n-1))\cdot 1.(12−1)(n−1)+(22−2)(n−2)+⋯+((n−1)2−(n−1))⋅1.

This can be written as

Nn=∑k=1n−1(k2−k)(n−k).N_n=\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}(k^2-k)(n-k).Nn​=k=1∑n−1​(k2−k)(n−k).

Since

k2−k=k(k−1),k^2-k=k(k-1),k2−k=k(k−1),

we expand:

Nn=∑k=1n−1(k2−k)(n−k)=n∑k=1n−1(k2−k)−∑k=1n−1(k3−k2).N_n=\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}(k^2-k)(n-k) = n\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}(k^2-k)-\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}(k^3-k^2).Nn​=k=1∑n−1​(k2−k)(n−k)=nk=1∑n−1​(k2−k)−k=1∑n−1​(k3−k2).

So,

Nn=n(∑k=1n−1k2−∑k=1n−1k)−(∑k=1n−1k3−∑k=1n−1k2).N_n=n\left(\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k^2-\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k\right)-\left(\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k^3-\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k^2\right).Nn​=n(k=1∑n−1​k2−k=1∑n−1​k)−(k=1∑n−1​k3−k=1∑n−1​k2).

Thus,

Nn=(n+1)∑k=1n−1k2−n∑k=1n−1k−∑k=1n−1k3.N_n=(n+1)\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k^2-n\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k-\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k^3.Nn​=(n+1)k=1∑n−1​k2−nk=1∑n−1​k−k=1∑n−1​k3.
  1. Use standard summation formulas

Let m=n−1m=n-1m=n−1. Then

∑k=1n−1k=(n−1)n2,\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k=\frac{(n-1)n}{2},k=1∑n−1​k=2(n−1)n​, ∑k=1n−1k2=(n−1)n(2n−1)6,\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k^2=\frac{(n-1)n(2n-1)}{6},k=1∑n−1​k2=6(n−1)n(2n−1)​, ∑k=1n−1k3=((n−1)n2)2.\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k^3=\left(\frac{(n-1)n}{2}\right)^2.k=1∑n−1​k3=(2(n−1)n​)2.

Substitute:

Nn=(n+1)(n−1)n(2n−1)6−n⋅(n−1)n2−((n−1)n2)2.N_n=(n+1)\frac{(n-1)n(2n-1)}{6}-n\cdot \frac{(n-1)n}{2}-\left(\frac{(n-1)n}{2}\right)^2.Nn​=(n+1)6(n−1)n(2n−1)​−n⋅2(n−1)n​−(2(n−1)n​)2.

Factor n(n−1)n(n-1)n(n−1):

Nn=n(n−1)[(n+1)(2n−1)6−n2−n(n−1)4].N_n=n(n-1)\left[\frac{(n+1)(2n-1)}{6}-\frac{n}{2}-\frac{n(n-1)}{4}\right].Nn​=n(n−1)[6(n+1)(2n−1)​−2n​−4n(n−1)​].

Take LCM 121212 inside the bracket:

2(n+1)(2n−1)−6n−3n(n−1)12.\frac{2(n+1)(2n-1)-6n-3n(n-1)}{12}.122(n+1)(2n−1)−6n−3n(n−1)​.

Now,

2(n+1)(2n−1)=2(2n2+n−1)=4n2+2n−2.2(n+1)(2n-1)=2(2n^2+n-1)=4n^2+2n-2.2(n+1)(2n−1)=2(2n2+n−1)=4n2+2n−2.

So numerator becomes

4n2+2n−2−6n−3n2+3n=n2−n−2=(n−2)(n+1).4n^2+2n-2-6n-3n^2+3n=n^2-n-2=(n-2)(n+1).4n2+2n−2−6n−3n2+3n=n2−n−2=(n−2)(n+1).

Hence,

Nn=n(n−1)(n−2)(n+1)12.N_n=\frac{n(n-1)(n-2)(n+1)}{12}.Nn​=12n(n−1)(n−2)(n+1)​.
  1. Now simplify the denominator

The denominator is

Dn=(13+23+⋯+n3)−(12+22+⋯+n2).D_n=(1^3+2^3+\cdots+n^3)-(1^2+2^2+\cdots+n^2).Dn​=(13+23+⋯+n3)−(12+22+⋯+n2).

Using formulas,

∑k=1nk3=(n(n+1)2)2,\sum_{k=1}^n k^3=\left(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\right)^2,k=1∑n​k3=(2n(n+1)​)2, ∑k=1nk2=n(n+1)(2n+1)6.\sum_{k=1}^n k^2=\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}.k=1∑n​k2=6n(n+1)(2n+1)​.

Therefore,

Dn=(n(n+1)2)2−n(n+1)(2n+1)6.D_n=\left(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\right)^2-\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}.Dn​=(2n(n+1)​)2−6n(n+1)(2n+1)​.

Factor n(n+1)n(n+1)n(n+1):

Dn=n(n+1)[n(n+1)4−2n+16].D_n=n(n+1)\left[\frac{n(n+1)}{4}-\frac{2n+1}{6}\right].Dn​=n(n+1)[4n(n+1)​−62n+1​].

Take LCM 121212:

Dn=n(n+1)⋅3n(n+1)−2(2n+1)12.D_n=n(n+1)\cdot \frac{3n(n+1)-2(2n+1)}{12}.Dn​=n(n+1)⋅123n(n+1)−2(2n+1)​.

Simplify:

3n(n+1)−2(2n+1)=3n2+3n−4n−2=3n2−n−2=(3n+2)(n−1).3n(n+1)-2(2n+1)=3n^2+3n-4n-2=3n^2-n-2=(3n+2)(n-1).3n(n+1)−2(2n+1)=3n2+3n−4n−2=3n2−n−2=(3n+2)(n−1).

So,

Dn=n(n+1)(n−1)(3n+2)12.D_n=\frac{n(n+1)(n-1)(3n+2)}{12}.Dn​=12n(n+1)(n−1)(3n+2)​.
  1. Form the ratio

Thus,

NnDn=n(n−1)(n−2)(n+1)12n(n+1)(n−1)(3n+2)12=n−23n+2.\frac{N_n}{D_n} =\frac{\frac{n(n-1)(n-2)(n+1)}{12}}{\frac{n(n+1)(n-1)(3n+2)}{12}} =\frac{n-2}{3n+2}.Dn​Nn​​=12n(n+1)(n−1)(3n+2)​12n(n−1)(n−2)(n+1)​​=3n+2n−2​.
  1. Take the limit
lim⁡n→∞n−23n+2=13.\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n-2}{3n+2}=\frac{1}{3}.n→∞lim​3n+2n−2​=31​.
  1. Compare with options

So the correct option is

13.\boxed{\frac{1}{3}}.31​​.

This corresponds to Option D.

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