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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2003 · Shift 0 · Q72
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  5. /2003 · Shift 0 · Q72

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2003 · Shift 0 · Q72

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
lim⁡x→π2[1−tan⁡(x2)][1−sin⁡x][1+tan⁡(x2)][π−2x]3\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {\pi \over 2}} {{\left[ {1 - \tan \left( {{x \over 2}} \right)} \right]\left[ {1 - \sin x} \right]} \over {\left[ {1 + \tan \left( {{x \over 2}} \right)} \right]{{\left[ {\pi - 2x} \right]}^3}}}x→2π​lim​[1+tan(2x​)][π−2x]3[1−tan(2x​)][1−sinx]​ is
  1. A
    ∞\infty∞
  2. B
    18{1 \over 8}81​
  3. C
    0
  4. D
    132{1 \over 32}321​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Given limit

We need to evaluate

L=lim⁡x→π2(1−tan⁡x2)(1−sin⁡x)(1+tan⁡x2)(π−2x)3.L=\lim_{x\to \frac\pi2} \frac{\left(1-\tan\frac x2\right)\left(1-\sin x\right)}{\left(1+\tan\frac x2\right)(\pi-2x)^3}.L=x→2π​lim​(1+tan2x​)(π−2x)3(1−tan2x​)(1−sinx)​.
  1. Use the half-angle identity

Recall:

tan⁡x2=sin⁡x1+cos⁡x=1−cos⁡xsin⁡x.\tan\frac x2=\frac{\sin x}{1+\cos x}=\frac{1-\cos x}{\sin x}.tan2x​=1+cosxsinx​=sinx1−cosx​.

A very useful identity is

1−tan⁡x21+tan⁡x2=tan⁡(π4−x2).\frac{1-\tan\frac x2}{1+\tan\frac x2}=\tan\left(\frac\pi4-\frac x2\right).1+tan2x​1−tan2x​​=tan(4π​−2x​).

Since

π4−x2=π−2x4,\frac\pi4-\frac x2=\frac{\pi-2x}{4},4π​−2x​=4π−2x​,

we get

1−tan⁡x21+tan⁡x2=tan⁡(π−2x4).\frac{1-\tan\frac x2}{1+\tan\frac x2}=\tan\left(\frac{\pi-2x}{4}\right).1+tan2x​1−tan2x​​=tan(4π−2x​).

So the limit becomes

L=lim⁡x→π2tan⁡(π−2x4)⋅1−sin⁡x(π−2x)3.L=\lim_{x\to \frac\pi2} \tan\left(\frac{\pi-2x}{4}\right)\cdot \frac{1-\sin x}{(\pi-2x)^3}.L=x→2π​lim​tan(4π−2x​)⋅(π−2x)31−sinx​.
  1. Substitute a small variable

Let

h=π−2x.h=\pi-2x.h=π−2x.

Then as x→π2x\to \frac\pi2x→2π​, we have h→0h\to 0h→0. Also,

x=π−h2=π2−h2.x=\frac{\pi-h}{2}=\frac\pi2-\frac h2.x=2π−h​=2π​−2h​.

Hence

sin⁡x=sin⁡(π2−h2)=cos⁡h2.\sin x=\sin\left(\frac\pi2-\frac h2\right)=\cos\frac h2.sinx=sin(2π​−2h​)=cos2h​.

Therefore,

1−sin⁡x=1−cos⁡h2.1-\sin x=1-\cos\frac h2.1−sinx=1−cos2h​.

So

L=lim⁡h→0tan⁡h4⋅1−cos⁡h2h3.L=\lim_{h\to 0} \tan\frac h4\cdot \frac{1-\cos\frac h2}{h^3}.L=h→0lim​tan4h​⋅h31−cos2h​​.
  1. Use standard small-angle expansions

As h→0h\to 0h→0,

tan⁡h4∼h4,\tan\frac h4 \sim \frac h4,tan4h​∼4h​,

and

1−cos⁡h2∼12(h2)2=h28.1-\cos\frac h2 \sim \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac h2\right)^2=\frac{h^2}{8}.1−cos2h​∼21​(2h​)2=8h2​.

Thus,

tan⁡h4⋅(1−cos⁡h2)∼h4⋅h28=h332.\tan\frac h4\cdot (1-\cos\tfrac h2) \sim \frac h4\cdot \frac{h^2}{8}=\frac{h^3}{32}.tan4h​⋅(1−cos2h​)∼4h​⋅8h2​=32h3​.

Therefore,

L=lim⁡h→0h3/32h3=132.L=\lim_{h\to 0} \frac{h^3/32}{h^3}=\frac{1}{32}.L=h→0lim​h3h3/32​=321​.
  1. Check options

The correct value is

132.\boxed{\frac{1}{32}}.321​​.

So the correct option is D.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: D

Our derived answer: D

So they agree.

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