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Inverse Trigonometric Functions question

2025 · 29 Jan · Shift 1 · Q48
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Inverse Trigonometric Functions question

2025 · 29 Jan · Shift 1 · Q48

JEE MainMathematicsInverse Trigonometric FunctionsNumerical+4 / −1
Let S = {x:cos⁡−1x=π+sin⁡−1x+sin⁡−1[2x+1]}\left\{ x : \cos^{-1} x = \pi + \sin^{-1} x + \sin^{-1} [2x + 1] \right\}{x:cos−1x=π+sin−1x+sin−1[2x+1]}. Then ∑x∈S(2x−1)2\sum\limits_{x \in S} (2x - 1)^2x∈S∑​(2x−1)2 is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 5

  1. We need to solve
cos⁡−1x=π+sin⁡−1x+sin⁡−1(2x+1).\cos^{-1}x = \pi + \sin^{-1}x + \sin^{-1}(2x+1).cos−1x=π+sin−1x+sin−1(2x+1).

Let

α=sin⁡−1x,β=sin⁡−1(2x+1).\alpha = \sin^{-1}x, \qquad \beta = \sin^{-1}(2x+1).α=sin−1x,β=sin−1(2x+1).

Then the equation becomes

cos⁡−1x=π+α+β.\cos^{-1}x = \pi + \alpha + \beta.cos−1x=π+α+β.
  1. First, impose the domain conditions for inverse trigonometric functions:
  • For sin⁡−1x\sin^{-1}xsin−1x to exist, x∈[−1,1]x \in [-1,1]x∈[−1,1].
  • For sin⁡−1(2x+1)\sin^{-1}(2x+1)sin−1(2x+1) to exist,
2x+1∈[−1,1]  ⟹  −1≤2x+1≤1.2x+1 \in [-1,1] \implies -1 \le 2x+1 \le 1.2x+1∈[−1,1]⟹−1≤2x+1≤1.

So,

−2≤2x≤0  ⟹  −1≤x≤0.-2 \le 2x \le 0 \implies -1 \le x \le 0.−2≤2x≤0⟹−1≤x≤0.

Hence overall,

x∈[−1,0].x \in [-1,0].x∈[−1,0].
  1. Use the identity valid for x∈[−1,1]x \in [-1,1]x∈[−1,1]:
cos⁡−1x=π2−sin⁡−1x.\cos^{-1}x = \frac{\pi}{2} - \sin^{-1}x.cos−1x=2π​−sin−1x.

Thus,

π2−sin⁡−1x=π+sin⁡−1x+sin⁡−1(2x+1).\frac{\pi}{2} - \sin^{-1}x = \pi + \sin^{-1}x + \sin^{-1}(2x+1).2π​−sin−1x=π+sin−1x+sin−1(2x+1).

Rearranging,

−π2=2sin⁡−1x+sin⁡−1(2x+1).-\frac{\pi}{2} = 2\sin^{-1}x + \sin^{-1}(2x+1).−2π​=2sin−1x+sin−1(2x+1).

So we need to solve

2sin⁡−1x+sin⁡−1(2x+1)=−π2.2\sin^{-1}x + \sin^{-1}(2x+1) = -\frac{\pi}{2}. 2sin−1x+sin−1(2x+1)=−2π​.
  1. Let
θ=sin⁡−1x.\theta = \sin^{-1}x.θ=sin−1x.

Since x∈[−1,0]x \in [-1,0]x∈[−1,0], we have

θ∈[−π2,0].\theta \in \left[-\frac{\pi}{2},0\right].θ∈[−2π​,0].

Then x=sin⁡θx = \sin\thetax=sinθ, and the equation becomes

2θ+sin⁡−1(2sin⁡θ+1)=−π2.2\theta + \sin^{-1}(2\sin\theta+1) = -\frac{\pi}{2}.2θ+sin−1(2sinθ+1)=−2π​.

Hence,

sin⁡−1(2x+1)=−π2−2sin⁡−1x.\sin^{-1}(2x+1) = -\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\sin^{-1}x.sin−1(2x+1)=−2π​−2sin−1x.

Now note that sin⁡−1(2x+1)\sin^{-1}(2x+1)sin−1(2x+1) always lies in

[−π2,π2].\left[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\right].[−2π​,2π​].

Therefore the right-hand side must also lie in this interval:

−π2≤−π2−2sin⁡−1x≤π2.-\frac{\pi}{2} \le -\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\sin^{-1}x \le \frac{\pi}{2}.−2π​≤−2π​−2sin−1x≤2π​.

This gives

0≤−2sin⁡−1x≤π.0 \le -2\sin^{-1}x \le \pi.0≤−2sin−1x≤π.

Since sin⁡−1x∈[−π/2,0]\sin^{-1}x \in [-\pi/2,0]sin−1x∈[−π/2,0], this is automatically true.

  1. Now take sine on both sides:
2x+1=sin⁡(−π2−2sin⁡−1x).2x+1 = \sin\left(-\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\sin^{-1}x\right).2x+1=sin(−2π​−2sin−1x).

Using

sin⁡(−π2−u)=−cos⁡u,\sin\left(-\frac{\pi}{2}-u\right) = -\cos u,sin(−2π​−u)=−cosu,

we get

2x+1=−cos⁡(2sin⁡−1x).2x+1 = -\cos\bigl(2\sin^{-1}x\bigr).2x+1=−cos(2sin−1x).

Now use

cos⁡(2θ)=1−2sin⁡2θ.\cos(2\theta)=1-2\sin^2\theta.cos(2θ)=1−2sin2θ.

With θ=sin⁡−1x\theta=\sin^{-1}xθ=sin−1x, this gives

cos⁡(2sin⁡−1x)=1−2x2.\cos(2\sin^{-1}x)=1-2x^2.cos(2sin−1x)=1−2x2.

So,

2x+1=−(1−2x2)=2x2−1.2x+1 = -(1-2x^2)=2x^2-1.2x+1=−(1−2x2)=2x2−1.

Thus,

2x2−2x−2=02x^2-2x-2=02x2−2x−2=0 x2−x−1=0.x^2-x-1=0.x2−x−1=0.

Hence,

x=1±52.x=\frac{1\pm\sqrt5}{2}.x=21±5​​.
  1. Apply the domain restriction x∈[−1,0]x\in[-1,0]x∈[−1,0].
  • 1+52>1\dfrac{1+\sqrt5}{2}>121+5​​>1, not allowed.
  • 1−52≈−0.618\dfrac{1-\sqrt5}{2}\approx -0.61821−5​​≈−0.618, allowed.

So,

S={1−52}.S=\left\{\frac{1-\sqrt5}{2}\right\}.S={21−5​​}.
  1. Compute
(2x−1)2(2x-1)^2(2x−1)2

for x=1−52x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt5}{2}x=21−5​​:

2x−1=2⋅1−52−1=(1−5)−1=−5.2x-1 = 2\cdot \frac{1-\sqrt5}{2} -1 = (1-\sqrt5)-1 = -\sqrt5.2x−1=2⋅21−5​​−1=(1−5​)−1=−5​.

Therefore,

(2x−1)2=(−5)2=5.(2x-1)^2 = (-\sqrt5)^2=5.(2x−1)2=(−5​)2=5.

Since there is only one element in SSS,

∑x∈S(2x−1)2=5.\sum_{x\in S}(2x-1)^2 = 5.x∈S∑​(2x−1)2=5.
  1. Comparison with stored answer:
  • Derived answer: 555
  • Stored correct answer: 555

They match.

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