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Indefinite Integrals question

2025 · 24 Jan · Shift 2 · Q47
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Indefinite Integrals question

2025 · 24 Jan · Shift 2 · Q47

JEE MainMathematicsIndefinite IntegralsNumerical+4 / −1
If ∫2x2+5x+9x2+x+1 dx=xx2+x+1+αx2+x+1+βlog⁡e∣x+12+x2+x+1∣+C\int \frac{2 x^2+5 x+9}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}} \mathrm{~d} x=x \sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\alpha \sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\beta \log _{\mathrm{e}}\left|x+\frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\right|+\mathrm{C}∫x2+x+1​2x2+5x+9​ dx=xx2+x+1​+αx2+x+1​+βloge​​x+21​+x2+x+1​​+C, where CCC is the constant of integration, then α+2β\alpha+2 \betaα+2β is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​ .
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 16

We need to evaluate

int2x2+5x+9x2+x+1 dx\\int \frac{2x^2+5x+9}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}\,dxintx2+x+1​2x2+5x+9​dx

and compare it with

xx2+x+1+αx2+x+1+βln⁡∣x+12+x2+x+1∣+C.x\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\alpha\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\beta\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\right|+C.xx2+x+1​+αx2+x+1​+βln​x+21​+x2+x+1​​+C.

We must find α+2β\alpha+2\betaα+2β.


1. Let

Q=x2+x+1.Q=x^2+x+1.Q=x2+x+1.

Then the integral becomes

I=∫2x2+5x+9Q dx.I=\int \frac{2x^2+5x+9}{\sqrt Q}\,dx.I=∫Q​2x2+5x+9​dx.

We try to rewrite the numerator in terms of QQQ and Q′=2x+1Q' = 2x+1Q′=2x+1.

Since

2x2+5x+9=2(x2+x+1)+(3x+7),2x^2+5x+9 = 2(x^2+x+1) + (3x+7),2x2+5x+9=2(x2+x+1)+(3x+7),

we get

I=∫2Q dx+∫3x+7Q dx.I=\int 2\sqrt Q\,dx + \int \frac{3x+7}{\sqrt Q}\,dx.I=∫2Q​dx+∫Q​3x+7​dx.

Now express 3x+73x+73x+7 as

3x+7=A(2x+1)+B.3x+7 = A(2x+1)+B.3x+7=A(2x+1)+B.

Comparing coefficients:

2A=3⇒A=32,2A=3 \Rightarrow A=\frac32,2A=3⇒A=23​, A+B=7⇒32+B=7⇒B=112.A+B=7 \Rightarrow \frac32+B=7 \Rightarrow B=\frac{11}{2}.A+B=7⇒23​+B=7⇒B=211​.

So,

3x+7=32(2x+1)+112.3x+7=\frac32(2x+1)+\frac{11}{2}.3x+7=23​(2x+1)+211​.

Hence

I=∫2Q dx+32∫2x+1Q dx+112∫dxQ.I=\int 2\sqrt Q\,dx + \frac32\int \frac{2x+1}{\sqrt Q}\,dx + \frac{11}{2}\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt Q}.I=∫2Q​dx+23​∫Q​2x+1​dx+211​∫Q​dx​.

2. Evaluate each part

(i) Evaluate ∫2x+1Q dx\int \frac{2x+1}{\sqrt Q}\,dx∫Q​2x+1​dx

Since dQ=(2x+1)dxdQ=(2x+1)dxdQ=(2x+1)dx,

∫2x+1Q dx=∫dQQ=2Q.\int \frac{2x+1}{\sqrt Q}\,dx = \int \frac{dQ}{\sqrt Q}=2\sqrt Q.∫Q​2x+1​dx=∫Q​dQ​=2Q​.

Therefore,

32∫2x+1Q dx=3Q.\frac32\int \frac{2x+1}{\sqrt Q}\,dx = 3\sqrt Q.23​∫Q​2x+1​dx=3Q​.

(ii) Evaluate ∫2Q dx\int 2\sqrt Q\,dx∫2Q​dx

Notice

ddx(xQ)=Q+x⋅2x+12Q=2Q+x(2x+1)2Q.\frac{d}{dx}\big(x\sqrt Q\big)=\sqrt Q + x\cdot \frac{2x+1}{2\sqrt Q} =\frac{2Q+x(2x+1)}{2\sqrt Q}.dxd​(xQ​)=Q​+x⋅2Q​2x+1​=2Q​2Q+x(2x+1)​.

Since Q=x2+x+1Q=x^2+x+1Q=x2+x+1,

2Q+x(2x+1)=2(x2+x+1)+2x2+x=4x2+3x+2.2Q+x(2x+1)=2(x^2+x+1)+2x^2+x=4x^2+3x+2.2Q+x(2x+1)=2(x2+x+1)+2x2+x=4x2+3x+2.

Thus,

ddx(xQ)=4x2+3x+22Q.\frac{d}{dx}(x\sqrt Q)=\frac{4x^2+3x+2}{2\sqrt Q}.dxd​(xQ​)=2Q​4x2+3x+2​.

Then

2Q=2QQ=2x2+2x+2Q.2\sqrt Q = \frac{2Q}{\sqrt Q}=\frac{2x^2+2x+2}{\sqrt Q}.2Q​=Q​2Q​=Q​2x2+2x+2​.

Instead of integrating directly, use the standard reduction:

∫2Q dx=xQ+12Q+34ln⁡∣x+12+Q∣+C.\int 2\sqrt Q\,dx = x\sqrt Q + \frac12\sqrt Q + \frac34\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right| + C.∫2Q​dx=xQ​+21​Q​+43​ln​x+21​+Q​​+C.

We will also verify this shortly through the standard formula.

A cleaner way is to complete the square:

Q=(x+12)2+34.Q=\left(x+\frac12\right)^2+\frac34.Q=(x+21​)2+43​.

Using the standard result

∫u2+a2 du=u2u2+a2+a22ln⁡∣u+u2+a2∣+C,\int \sqrt{u^2+a^2}\,du = \frac{u}{2}\sqrt{u^2+a^2}+\frac{a^2}{2}\ln|u+\sqrt{u^2+a^2}|+C,∫u2+a2​du=2u​u2+a2​+2a2​ln∣u+u2+a2​∣+C,

with

u=x+12,a2=34,u=x+\frac12, \qquad a^2=\frac34,u=x+21​,a2=43​,

we get

∫Q dx=x+1/22Q+38ln⁡∣x+12+Q∣+C.\int \sqrt Q\,dx = \frac{x+1/2}{2}\sqrt Q + \frac{3}{8}\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right|+C.∫Q​dx=2x+1/2​Q​+83​ln​x+21​+Q​​+C.

Therefore,

∫2Q dx=(x+12)Q+34ln⁡∣x+12+Q∣+C.\int 2\sqrt Q\,dx = \left(x+\frac12\right)\sqrt Q + \frac34\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right|+C.∫2Q​dx=(x+21​)Q​+43​ln​x+21​+Q​​+C.

(iii) Evaluate ∫dxQ\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt Q}∫Q​dx​

Again with

Q=(x+12)2+34,Q=\left(x+\frac12\right)^2+\frac34,Q=(x+21​)2+43​,

we use the standard formula

∫dxx2+x+1=ln⁡∣x+12+x2+x+1∣+C.\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}} = \ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\right|+C.∫x2+x+1​dx​=ln​x+21​+x2+x+1​​+C.

Hence,

112∫dxQ=112ln⁡∣x+12+Q∣.\frac{11}{2}\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt Q} = \frac{11}{2}\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right|.211​∫Q​dx​=211​ln​x+21​+Q​​.

3. Combine all parts

So,

I=(x+12)Q+34ln⁡∣x+12+Q∣+3Q+112ln⁡∣x+12+Q∣+C.I=\left(x+\frac12\right)\sqrt Q + \frac34\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right| + 3\sqrt Q + \frac{11}{2}\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right| + C.I=(x+21​)Q​+43​ln​x+21​+Q​​+3Q​+211​ln​x+21​+Q​​+C.

Combine like terms:

Square-root terms:

(x+12)Q+3Q=xQ+72Q.\left(x+\frac12\right)\sqrt Q + 3\sqrt Q = x\sqrt Q + \frac72\sqrt Q.(x+21​)Q​+3Q​=xQ​+27​Q​.

So,

α=72.\alpha=\frac72.α=27​.

Log terms:

34+112=34+224=254.\frac34 + \frac{11}{2} = \frac34 + \frac{22}{4} = \frac{25}{4}.43​+211​=43​+422​=425​.

So,

β=254.\beta=\frac{25}{4}.β=425​.

Thus,

α+2β=72+2⋅254=72+252=322=16.\alpha+2\beta = \frac72 + 2\cdot \frac{25}{4} = \frac72 + \frac{25}{2} = \frac{32}{2}=16.α+2β=27​+2⋅425​=27​+225​=232​=16.

4. Final answer

16\boxed{16}16​

The derived answer matches the stored correct answer.

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