We need to evaluate
i n t 2 x 2 + 5 x + 9 x 2 + x + 1 d x \\int \frac{2x^2+5x+9}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}\,dx in t x 2 + x + 1 2 x 2 + 5 x + 9 d x
and compare it with
x x 2 + x + 1 + α x 2 + x + 1 + β ln ∣ x + 1 2 + x 2 + x + 1 ∣ + C . x\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\alpha\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\beta\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\right|+C. x x 2 + x + 1 + α x 2 + x + 1 + β ln x + 2 1 + x 2 + x + 1 + C .
We must find α + 2 β \alpha+2\beta α + 2 β .
1. Let
Q = x 2 + x + 1. Q=x^2+x+1. Q = x 2 + x + 1.
Then the integral becomes
I = ∫ 2 x 2 + 5 x + 9 Q d x . I=\int \frac{2x^2+5x+9}{\sqrt Q}\,dx. I = ∫ Q 2 x 2 + 5 x + 9 d x .
We try to rewrite the numerator in terms of Q Q Q and Q ′ = 2 x + 1 Q' = 2x+1 Q ′ = 2 x + 1 .
Since
2 x 2 + 5 x + 9 = 2 ( x 2 + x + 1 ) + ( 3 x + 7 ) , 2x^2+5x+9 = 2(x^2+x+1) + (3x+7), 2 x 2 + 5 x + 9 = 2 ( x 2 + x + 1 ) + ( 3 x + 7 ) ,
we get
I = ∫ 2 Q d x + ∫ 3 x + 7 Q d x . I=\int 2\sqrt Q\,dx + \int \frac{3x+7}{\sqrt Q}\,dx. I = ∫ 2 Q d x + ∫ Q 3 x + 7 d x .
Now express 3 x + 7 3x+7 3 x + 7 as
3 x + 7 = A ( 2 x + 1 ) + B . 3x+7 = A(2x+1)+B. 3 x + 7 = A ( 2 x + 1 ) + B .
Comparing coefficients:
2 A = 3 ⇒ A = 3 2 , 2A=3 \Rightarrow A=\frac32, 2 A = 3 ⇒ A = 2 3 ,
A + B = 7 ⇒ 3 2 + B = 7 ⇒ B = 11 2 . A+B=7 \Rightarrow \frac32+B=7 \Rightarrow B=\frac{11}{2}. A + B = 7 ⇒ 2 3 + B = 7 ⇒ B = 2 11 .
So,
3 x + 7 = 3 2 ( 2 x + 1 ) + 11 2 . 3x+7=\frac32(2x+1)+\frac{11}{2}. 3 x + 7 = 2 3 ( 2 x + 1 ) + 2 11 .
Hence
I = ∫ 2 Q d x + 3 2 ∫ 2 x + 1 Q d x + 11 2 ∫ d x Q . I=\int 2\sqrt Q\,dx + \frac32\int \frac{2x+1}{\sqrt Q}\,dx + \frac{11}{2}\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt Q}. I = ∫ 2 Q d x + 2 3 ∫ Q 2 x + 1 d x + 2 11 ∫ Q d x .
2. Evaluate each part
(i) Evaluate ∫ 2 x + 1 Q d x \int \frac{2x+1}{\sqrt Q}\,dx ∫ Q 2 x + 1 d x
Since d Q = ( 2 x + 1 ) d x dQ=(2x+1)dx d Q = ( 2 x + 1 ) d x ,
∫ 2 x + 1 Q d x = ∫ d Q Q = 2 Q . \int \frac{2x+1}{\sqrt Q}\,dx = \int \frac{dQ}{\sqrt Q}=2\sqrt Q. ∫ Q 2 x + 1 d x = ∫ Q d Q = 2 Q .
Therefore,
3 2 ∫ 2 x + 1 Q d x = 3 Q . \frac32\int \frac{2x+1}{\sqrt Q}\,dx = 3\sqrt Q. 2 3 ∫ Q 2 x + 1 d x = 3 Q .
(ii) Evaluate ∫ 2 Q d x \int 2\sqrt Q\,dx ∫ 2 Q d x
Notice
d d x ( x Q ) = Q + x ⋅ 2 x + 1 2 Q = 2 Q + x ( 2 x + 1 ) 2 Q . \frac{d}{dx}\big(x\sqrt Q\big)=\sqrt Q + x\cdot \frac{2x+1}{2\sqrt Q}
=\frac{2Q+x(2x+1)}{2\sqrt Q}. d x d ( x Q ) = Q + x ⋅ 2 Q 2 x + 1 = 2 Q 2 Q + x ( 2 x + 1 ) .
Since Q = x 2 + x + 1 Q=x^2+x+1 Q = x 2 + x + 1 ,
2 Q + x ( 2 x + 1 ) = 2 ( x 2 + x + 1 ) + 2 x 2 + x = 4 x 2 + 3 x + 2. 2Q+x(2x+1)=2(x^2+x+1)+2x^2+x=4x^2+3x+2. 2 Q + x ( 2 x + 1 ) = 2 ( x 2 + x + 1 ) + 2 x 2 + x = 4 x 2 + 3 x + 2.
Thus,
d d x ( x Q ) = 4 x 2 + 3 x + 2 2 Q . \frac{d}{dx}(x\sqrt Q)=\frac{4x^2+3x+2}{2\sqrt Q}. d x d ( x Q ) = 2 Q 4 x 2 + 3 x + 2 .
Then
2 Q = 2 Q Q = 2 x 2 + 2 x + 2 Q . 2\sqrt Q = \frac{2Q}{\sqrt Q}=\frac{2x^2+2x+2}{\sqrt Q}. 2 Q = Q 2 Q = Q 2 x 2 + 2 x + 2 .
Instead of integrating directly, use the standard reduction:
∫ 2 Q d x = x Q + 1 2 Q + 3 4 ln ∣ x + 1 2 + Q ∣ + C . \int 2\sqrt Q\,dx = x\sqrt Q + \frac12\sqrt Q + \frac34\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right| + C. ∫ 2 Q d x = x Q + 2 1 Q + 4 3 ln x + 2 1 + Q + C .
We will also verify this shortly through the standard formula.
A cleaner way is to complete the square:
Q = ( x + 1 2 ) 2 + 3 4 . Q=\left(x+\frac12\right)^2+\frac34. Q = ( x + 2 1 ) 2 + 4 3 .
Using the standard result
∫ u 2 + a 2 d u = u 2 u 2 + a 2 + a 2 2 ln ∣ u + u 2 + a 2 ∣ + C , \int \sqrt{u^2+a^2}\,du = \frac{u}{2}\sqrt{u^2+a^2}+\frac{a^2}{2}\ln|u+\sqrt{u^2+a^2}|+C, ∫ u 2 + a 2 d u = 2 u u 2 + a 2 + 2 a 2 ln ∣ u + u 2 + a 2 ∣ + C ,
with
u = x + 1 2 , a 2 = 3 4 , u=x+\frac12, \qquad a^2=\frac34, u = x + 2 1 , a 2 = 4 3 ,
we get
∫ Q d x = x + 1 / 2 2 Q + 3 8 ln ∣ x + 1 2 + Q ∣ + C . \int \sqrt Q\,dx = \frac{x+1/2}{2}\sqrt Q + \frac{3}{8}\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right|+C. ∫ Q d x = 2 x + 1/2 Q + 8 3 ln x + 2 1 + Q + C .
Therefore,
∫ 2 Q d x = ( x + 1 2 ) Q + 3 4 ln ∣ x + 1 2 + Q ∣ + C . \int 2\sqrt Q\,dx = \left(x+\frac12\right)\sqrt Q + \frac34\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right|+C. ∫ 2 Q d x = ( x + 2 1 ) Q + 4 3 ln x + 2 1 + Q + C .
(iii) Evaluate ∫ d x Q \int \frac{dx}{\sqrt Q} ∫ Q d x
Again with
Q = ( x + 1 2 ) 2 + 3 4 , Q=\left(x+\frac12\right)^2+\frac34, Q = ( x + 2 1 ) 2 + 4 3 ,
we use the standard formula
∫ d x x 2 + x + 1 = ln ∣ x + 1 2 + x 2 + x + 1 ∣ + C . \int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}} = \ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\right|+C. ∫ x 2 + x + 1 d x = ln x + 2 1 + x 2 + x + 1 + C .
Hence,
11 2 ∫ d x Q = 11 2 ln ∣ x + 1 2 + Q ∣ . \frac{11}{2}\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt Q} = \frac{11}{2}\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right|. 2 11 ∫ Q d x = 2 11 ln x + 2 1 + Q .
3. Combine all parts
So,
I = ( x + 1 2 ) Q + 3 4 ln ∣ x + 1 2 + Q ∣ + 3 Q + 11 2 ln ∣ x + 1 2 + Q ∣ + C . I=\left(x+\frac12\right)\sqrt Q + \frac34\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right| + 3\sqrt Q + \frac{11}{2}\ln\left|x+\frac12+\sqrt Q\right| + C. I = ( x + 2 1 ) Q + 4 3 ln x + 2 1 + Q + 3 Q + 2 11 ln x + 2 1 + Q + C .
Combine like terms:
Square-root terms:
( x + 1 2 ) Q + 3 Q = x Q + 7 2 Q . \left(x+\frac12\right)\sqrt Q + 3\sqrt Q = x\sqrt Q + \frac72\sqrt Q. ( x + 2 1 ) Q + 3 Q = x Q + 2 7 Q .
So,
α = 7 2 . \alpha=\frac72. α = 2 7 .
Log terms:
3 4 + 11 2 = 3 4 + 22 4 = 25 4 . \frac34 + \frac{11}{2} = \frac34 + \frac{22}{4} = \frac{25}{4}. 4 3 + 2 11 = 4 3 + 4 22 = 4 25 .
So,
β = 25 4 . \beta=\frac{25}{4}. β = 4 25 .
Thus,
α + 2 β = 7 2 + 2 ⋅ 25 4 = 7 2 + 25 2 = 32 2 = 16. \alpha+2\beta = \frac72 + 2\cdot \frac{25}{4} = \frac72 + \frac{25}{2} = \frac{32}{2}=16. α + 2 β = 2 7 + 2 ⋅ 4 25 = 2 7 + 2 25 = 2 32 = 16.
4. Final answer
16 \boxed{16} 16
The derived answer matches the stored correct answer.