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Differentiation question

2023 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q38
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  5. /2023 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q38

Differentiation question

2023 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q38

JEE MainMathematicsDifferentiationNumerical+4 / −1
Let f1(x)=3x+22x+3,x∈R−{−32}f^{1}(x)=\frac{3 x+2}{2 x+3}, x \in \mathbf{R}-\left\{\frac{-3}{2}\right\}f1(x)=2x+33x+2​,x∈R−{2−3​} For n≥2\mathrm{n} \geq 2n≥2, define fn(x)=f1ofn−1(x)f^{\mathrm{n}}(x)=f^{1} \mathrm{o} f^{\mathrm{n}-1}(x)fn(x)=f1ofn−1(x). If f5(x)=ax+bbx+a,gcd⁡(a,b)=1f^{5}(x)=\frac{\mathrm{a} x+\mathrm{b}}{\mathrm{b} x+\mathrm{a}}, \operatorname{gcd}(\mathrm{a}, \mathrm{b})=1f5(x)=bx+aax+b​,gcd(a,b)=1, then a+b\mathrm{a}+\mathrm{b}a+b is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 3125

  1. We are given f(x)=f1(x)=3x+22x+3f(x)=f^1(x)=\frac{3x+2}{2x+3}f(x)=f1(x)=2x+33x+2​ and fn(x)=f∘fn−1(x).f^n(x)=f\circ f^{n-1}(x).fn(x)=f∘fn−1(x). We need to find f5(x)f^5(x)f5(x) in the form f5(x)=ax+bbx+a,gcd⁡(a,b)=1,f^5(x)=\frac{ax+b}{bx+a},\quad \gcd(a,b)=1,f5(x)=bx+aax+b​,gcd(a,b)=1, and then compute a+ba+ba+b.

  2. A linear fractional transformation x↦px+qrx+sx\mapsto \frac{px+q}{rx+s}x↦rx+spx+q​ can be represented by the matrix M=(pqrs).M=\begin{pmatrix}p&q\\ r&s\end{pmatrix}.M=(pr​qs​). Then composition corresponds to matrix multiplication.

Here, f(x)=3x+22x+3f(x)=\frac{3x+2}{2x+3}f(x)=2x+33x+2​ corresponds to M=(3223).M=\begin{pmatrix}3&2\\2&3\end{pmatrix}.M=(32​23​). Therefore, fn(x)↔Mn.f^n(x)\leftrightarrow M^n.fn(x)↔Mn.

  1. Observe that M=(3223)M=\begin{pmatrix}3&2\\2&3\end{pmatrix}M=(32​23​) is of the form (abba).\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\b&a\end{pmatrix}.(ab​ba​). Such matrices remain of the same form under multiplication. So let Mn=(AnBnBnAn).M^n=\begin{pmatrix}A_n&B_n\\B_n&A_n\end{pmatrix}.Mn=(An​Bn​​Bn​An​​). Then fn(x)=Anx+BnBnx+An.f^n(x)=\frac{A_nx+B_n}{B_nx+A_n}.fn(x)=Bn​x+An​An​x+Bn​​.

Thus, we only need M5M^5M5.

  1. Diagonalize using the observation: For matrix (abba),\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\b&a\end{pmatrix},(ab​ba​), the eigenvalues are a+ba+ba+b and a−ba-ba−b.

For MMM: 3+2=5,3−2=1.3+2=5,\qquad 3-2=1.3+2=5,3−2=1. So eigenvalues are 555 and 111.

Hence for M5M^5M5, the corresponding eigenvalues are 55=3125,15=1.5^5=3125,\qquad 1^5=1.55=3125,15=1.

If M5=(ABBA),M^5=\begin{pmatrix}A&B\\B&A\end{pmatrix},M5=(AB​BA​), then its eigenvalues are A+BandA−B.A+B\quad \text{and} \quad A-B.A+BandA−B. Therefore, A+B=3125,A−B=1.A+B=3125,\qquad A-B=1.A+B=3125,A−B=1.

Solving, 2A=3126  ⟹  A=1563,2A=3126 \implies A=1563,2A=3126⟹A=1563, 2B=3124  ⟹  B=1562.2B=3124 \implies B=1562.2B=3124⟹B=1562.

So, M5=(1563156215621563).M^5=\begin{pmatrix}1563&1562\\1562&1563\end{pmatrix}.M5=(15631562​15621563​). Thus, f5(x)=1563x+15621562x+1563.f^5(x)=\frac{1563x+1562}{1562x+1563}.f5(x)=1562x+15631563x+1562​.

  1. Therefore, a=1563,b=1562.a=1563,\qquad b=1562.a=1563,b=1562. Since gcd⁡(1563,1562)=1,\gcd(1563,1562)=1,gcd(1563,1562)=1, the required sum is a+b=1563+1562=3125.a+b=1563+1562=3125.a+b=1563+1562=3125.

  2. Comparison with stored correct answer: Stored answer = 312531253125. Our derived answer = 312531253125. They match.

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