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Differential Equations question

2023 · 31 Jan · Shift 2 · Q36
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  5. /2023 · 31 Jan · Shift 2 · Q36

Differential Equations question

2023 · 31 Jan · Shift 2 · Q36

JEE MainMathematicsDifferential EquationsMCQ+4 / −1
Let y=y(x)y=y(x)y=y(x) be the solution of the differential equation (3y2−5x2)y dx+2x(x2−y2)dy=0\left(3 y^{2}-5 x^{2}\right) y \mathrm{~d} x+2 x\left(x^{2}-y^{2}\right) \mathrm{d} y=0(3y2−5x2)y dx+2x(x2−y2)dy=0 such that y(1)=1y(1)=1y(1)=1. Then ∣(y(2))3−12y(2)∣\left|(y(2))^{3}-12 y(2)\right|​(y(2))3−12y(2)​ is equal to :
  1. A
    64
  2. B
    16216 \sqrt{2}162​
  3. C
    32
  4. D
    32232 \sqrt{2}322​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Given differential equation

We have (3y2−5x2)y dx+2x(x2−y2)dy=0.\left(3y^2-5x^2\right)y\,dx+2x\left(x^2-y^2\right)dy=0.(3y2−5x2)ydx+2x(x2−y2)dy=0. So (3y3−5x2y)dx+2x(x2−y2)dy=0.\left(3y^3-5x^2y\right)dx+2x(x^2-y^2)dy=0.(3y3−5x2y)dx+2x(x2−y2)dy=0.

We are given the condition y(1)=1.y(1)=1.y(1)=1.

We need to find ∣(y(2))3−12y(2)∣.\left| (y(2))^3-12y(2)\right|.​(y(2))3−12y(2)​.


  1. Rewrite as a differential equation in homogeneous form

Let us write dydx=−(3y2−5x2)y2x(x2−y2).\frac{dy}{dx}=-\frac{(3y^2-5x^2)y}{2x(x^2-y^2)}.dxdy​=−2x(x2−y2)(3y2−5x2)y​.

This is homogeneous, since the numerator and denominator are both of degree 333 in x,yx,yx,y.

So put y=vx⇒dydx=v+xdvdx.y=vx \quad \Rightarrow \quad \frac{dy}{dx}=v+x\frac{dv}{dx}.y=vx⇒dxdy​=v+xdxdv​.

Substitute y=vxy=vxy=vx:

  • y2=v2x2y^2=v^2x^2y2=v2x2
  • y=vxy=vxy=vx

Hence v+xdvdx=−(3v2x2−5x2)(vx)2x(x2−v2x2).v+x\frac{dv}{dx}=-\frac{(3v^2x^2-5x^2)(vx)}{2x(x^2-v^2x^2)}.v+xdxdv​=−2x(x2−v2x2)(3v2x2−5x2)(vx)​.

Simplify: v+xdvdx=−x3v(3v2−5)2x3(1−v2)=−v(3v2−5)2(1−v2).v+x\frac{dv}{dx}=-\frac{x^3v(3v^2-5)}{2x^3(1-v^2)}=-\frac{v(3v^2-5)}{2(1-v^2)}.v+xdxdv​=−2x3(1−v2)x3v(3v2−5)​=−2(1−v2)v(3v2−5)​.

Therefore, xdvdx=−v(3v2−5)2(1−v2)−v.x\frac{dv}{dx}=-\frac{v(3v^2-5)}{2(1-v^2)}-v.xdxdv​=−2(1−v2)v(3v2−5)​−v.

Take LCM: xdvdx=−v(3v2−5)−2v(1−v2)2(1−v2).x\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{-v(3v^2-5)-2v(1-v^2)}{2(1-v^2)}.xdxdv​=2(1−v2)−v(3v2−5)−2v(1−v2)​.

Simplify numerator: −v(3v2−5)−2v(1−v2)=−3v3+5v−2v+2v3=−v3+3v=v(3−v2).-v(3v^2-5)-2v(1-v^2)=-3v^3+5v-2v+2v^3=-v^3+3v=v(3-v^2).−v(3v2−5)−2v(1−v2)=−3v3+5v−2v+2v3=−v3+3v=v(3−v2).

So xdvdx=v(3−v2)2(1−v2).x\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{v(3-v^2)}{2(1-v^2)}.xdxdv​=2(1−v2)v(3−v2)​.

Thus, 2(1−v2)v(3−v2) dv=dxx.\frac{2(1-v^2)}{v(3-v^2)}\,dv=\frac{dx}{x}.v(3−v2)2(1−v2)​dv=xdx​.


  1. Integrate

We need to integrate ∫2(1−v2)v(3−v2) dv.\int \frac{2(1-v^2)}{v(3-v^2)}\,dv.∫v(3−v2)2(1−v2)​dv. Use partial fractions: 2(1−v2)v(3−v2)=Av+Bv+C3−v2.\frac{2(1-v^2)}{v(3-v^2)}=\frac{A}{v}+\frac{Bv+C}{3-v^2}.v(3−v2)2(1−v2)​=vA​+3−v2Bv+C​.

So 2(1−v2)=A(3−v2)+v(Bv+C).2(1-v^2)=A(3-v^2)+v(Bv+C).2(1−v2)=A(3−v2)+v(Bv+C).

Expand: 2−2v2=3A−Av2+Bv2+Cv.2-2v^2=3A-A v^2+Bv^2+Cv.2−2v2=3A−Av2+Bv2+Cv.

Compare coefficients:

  • constant: 3A=2⇒A=233A=2 \Rightarrow A=\frac233A=2⇒A=32​
  • vvv term: C=0C=0C=0
  • v2v^2v2 term: −A+B=−2⇒−23+B=−2⇒B=−43-A+B=-2 \Rightarrow -\frac23+B=-2 \Rightarrow B=-\frac43−A+B=−2⇒−32​+B=−2⇒B=−34​

Hence 2(1−v2)v(3−v2)=23v−4v3(3−v2).\frac{2(1-v^2)}{v(3-v^2)}=\frac{2}{3v}-\frac{4v}{3(3-v^2)}.v(3−v2)2(1−v2)​=3v2​−3(3−v2)4v​.

Therefore, ∫2(1−v2)v(3−v2)dv=23∫dvv−43∫v3−v2dv.\int \frac{2(1-v^2)}{v(3-v^2)}dv=\frac23\int \frac{dv}{v}-\frac43\int \frac{v}{3-v^2}dv.∫v(3−v2)2(1−v2)​dv=32​∫vdv​−34​∫3−v2v​dv.

For the second integral, let u=3−v2,du=−2v dv⇒v dv=−12du.u=3-v^2, \quad du=-2v\,dv \Rightarrow v\,dv=-\frac12 du.u=3−v2,du=−2vdv⇒vdv=−21​du.

Then −43∫v3−v2dv=−43(−12∫duu)=23ln⁡∣u∣=23ln⁡∣3−v2∣.-\frac43\int \frac{v}{3-v^2}dv=-\frac43\left(-\frac12\int \frac{du}{u}\right)=\frac23\ln|u|=\frac23\ln|3-v^2|.−34​∫3−v2v​dv=−34​(−21​∫udu​)=32​ln∣u∣=32​ln∣3−v2∣.

So overall, ∫2(1−v2)v(3−v2)dv=23ln⁡∣v∣+23ln⁡∣3−v2∣.\int \frac{2(1-v^2)}{v(3-v^2)}dv=\frac23\ln|v|+\frac23\ln|3-v^2|.∫v(3−v2)2(1−v2)​dv=32​ln∣v∣+32​ln∣3−v2∣.

Thus, 23ln⁡∣v(3−v2)∣=ln⁡∣x∣+C.\frac23\ln|v(3-v^2)|=\ln|x|+C.32​ln∣v(3−v2)∣=ln∣x∣+C.

Multiply by 32\frac3223​: ln⁡∣v(3−v2)∣=32ln⁡∣x∣+C1.\ln|v(3-v^2)|=\frac32\ln|x|+C_1.ln∣v(3−v2)∣=23​ln∣x∣+C1​.

Hence, v(3−v2)=Cx3/2.v(3-v^2)=C x^{3/2}.v(3−v2)=Cx3/2.


  1. Return to x,yx,yx,y

Since v=yx,v=\frac{y}{x},v=xy​, we get yx(3−y2x2)=Cx3/2.\frac{y}{x}\left(3-\frac{y^2}{x^2}\right)=Cx^{3/2}.xy​(3−x2y2​)=Cx3/2.

Simplify: y(3x2−y2)x3=Cx3/2.\frac{y(3x^2-y^2)}{x^3}=Cx^{3/2}.x3y(3x2−y2)​=Cx3/2.

So y(3x2−y2)=Cx9/2.y(3x^2-y^2)=C x^{9/2}.y(3x2−y2)=Cx9/2.

That is, 3x2y−y3=Cx9/2.3x^2y-y^3=Cx^{9/2}.3x2y−y3=Cx9/2.

Or equivalently, y3−3x2y=−Cx9/2.y^3-3x^2y=-Cx^{9/2}.y3−3x2y=−Cx9/2.

Let the constant be KKK, so y3−3x2y=Kx9/2.y^3-3x^2y=Kx^{9/2}.y3−3x2y=Kx9/2.


  1. Use initial condition

Given y(1)=1y(1)=1y(1)=1: 13−3(1)2(1)=K(1)9/21^3-3(1)^2(1)=K(1)^{9/2}13−3(1)2(1)=K(1)9/2 1−3=K1-3=K1−3=K K=−2.K=-2.K=−2.

Hence the solution satisfies y3−3x2y=−2x9/2.y^3-3x^2y=-2x^{9/2}.y3−3x2y=−2x9/2.


  1. Find y(2)y(2)y(2)

At x=2x=2x=2: y(2)3−3(2)2y(2)=−2⋅29/2.y(2)^3-3(2)^2y(2)=-2\cdot 2^{9/2}.y(2)3−3(2)2y(2)=−2⋅29/2.

So y(2)3−12y(2)=−2⋅24⋅21/2=−322.y(2)^3-12y(2)=-2\cdot 2^{4}\cdot 2^{1/2}=-32\sqrt{2}.y(2)3−12y(2)=−2⋅24⋅21/2=−322​.

Therefore, ∣y(2)3−12y(2)∣=322.\left|y(2)^3-12y(2)\right|=32\sqrt{2}.​y(2)3−12y(2)​=322​.


  1. Compare with options

The value is 322,32\sqrt{2},322​, which is Option D.


  1. Verification with stored answer

Stored correct answer: D

Our derived answer: D

So they agree.

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